The Transition from Metal-Based to Metal-Free Contrast Agents for T 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior...
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| Published in: | Bioconjugate chemistry Vol. 30; no. 9; pp. 2264 - 2286 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Chemical Society
18-09-2019
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| Abstract | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients’ bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicalsmetal-free CAsas against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy. |
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| AbstractList | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients’ bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicalsmetal-free CAsas against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic strategy for diseases such as cancer has also been at the front line of biomedical research, thanks to the innovative MRI, enhanced by the prior delivery of contrast agents (CAs) into patients' bodies through injection. These CAs have contributed a great deal to the clinical utility of MRI but have been based on metal-containing compounds such as gadolinium, manganese, and iron oxide. Some of these CAs have led to cytotoxicities such as the incurable Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), resulting in their removal from the market. On the other hand, CAs based on organic nitroxide radicals, by virtue of their structural composition, are metal free and without the aforementioned drawbacks. They also have improved biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, and long blood circulation times, and have been proven to offer tissue contrast enhancement with longitudinal relaxivities comparable with those for the metal-containing CAs. Thus, this Review highlights the recent progress in metal-based CAs and their shortcomings. In addition, the remarkable goals achieved by the organic nitroxide radical CAs in the enhancement of MR images have also been discussed extensively. The focal point of this Review is to emphasize or demonstrate the crucial need for transition into the use of organic nitroxide radicals-metal-free CAs-as against the metal-containing CAs, with the aim of achieving safer application of MRI for early disease diagnosis and image-guided therapy. |
| Author | Hosmane, Narayan S Woloschak, Gayle Paunesku, Tatjana Iqbal, M. Zubair Wu, Aiguo Saeed, Madiha Liu, Chuang Akakuru, Ozioma Udochukwu |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textiles Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province Department of Radiation Oncology Zhejiang Sci-Tech University |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textiles – name: Department of Radiation Oncology – name: Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province – name: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University – name: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ozioma Udochukwu surname: Akakuru fullname: Akakuru, Ozioma Udochukwu organization: Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province – sequence: 2 givenname: M. Zubair orcidid: 0000-0002-0574-7846 surname: Iqbal fullname: Iqbal, M. Zubair email: zubair@nimte.ac.cn organization: Zhejiang Sci-Tech University – sequence: 3 givenname: Madiha surname: Saeed fullname: Saeed, Madiha organization: Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province – sequence: 4 givenname: Chuang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Chuang organization: Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province – sequence: 5 givenname: Tatjana surname: Paunesku fullname: Paunesku, Tatjana organization: Department of Radiation Oncology – sequence: 6 givenname: Gayle orcidid: 0000-0001-9209-8954 surname: Woloschak fullname: Woloschak, Gayle organization: Department of Radiation Oncology – sequence: 7 givenname: Narayan S surname: Hosmane fullname: Hosmane, Narayan S organization: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry – sequence: 8 givenname: Aiguo orcidid: 0000-0001-7200-8923 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Aiguo email: aiguo@nimte.ac.cn organization: Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31380621$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has received significant attention as the noninvasive diagnostic technique for complex diseases. Image-guided therapeutic... |
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| Title | The Transition from Metal-Based to Metal-Free Contrast Agents for T 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement |
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