Quality attributes of commercial charcoals produced in Amapá, a Brazilian state located in the Amazonia

Quality attributes of commercial charcoals produced in Amapá, a Brazilian state located in the Amazonia

The charcoals of Amapá, a Brazilian state located in the Amazonia forest, have been produced from wastes of high-quality native and exotic wood species. However, there is no control to avoid mixing raw materials with different potentials for bioenergy. This work aimed to compare the quality of two b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment, development and sustainability Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 719 - 732
Main Authors: do Rosário da Silva e Silva, Maria, dos Santos Ribeiro, Edielza Aline, Barbosa, Jardel Pinto, Alves Júnior, Francisco Tarcísio, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, Pinheiro, Paulo Guilherme, Bufalino, Lina
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-02-2020
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Ash
Ashes
Bulk density
Calorific value
Charcoal
Chemical analysis
Chemical composition
Density
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Economic Geology
Economic Growth
Environment
Environmental Economics
Environmental Management
Harvesting
Heating
Indigenous species
Introduced species
Moisture
Moisture content
Organic chemistry
Packages
Properties (attributes)
Quality
Quality management
Raw materials
Renewable energy
Residential density
Sawing
Standardization
Sustainable Development
Variability
Variance analysis
Wastes
Water content
Wood
Wood waste
Higher heating value
Volatile matter
Moisture content
Ashes
Apparent density
Fixed carbon
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Summary:The charcoals of Amapá, a Brazilian state located in the Amazonia forest, have been produced from wastes of high-quality native and exotic wood species. However, there is no control to avoid mixing raw materials with different potentials for bioenergy. This work aimed to compare the quality of two brands of Amapá charcoals for domestic use, besides to analyze the variability of properties within and among packages. Charcoals of brands A and B were produced from harvesting wastes of Acacia mangium wood and sawing wastes of mixed native wood species, respectively. Five packages of each brand were acquired, from which thirteen samples were randomly selected for physical and chemical analyses. The higher heating value was estimated from the chemical composition. The brands were compared by analysis of variance or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test. The variability within and between packages was investigated through box plots. The Amapá charcoals showed moisture content (≈ 7.3%) somewhat above the stipulated (5%) by the Brazilian standardization for domestic use. The proper quality of the charcoals was attested by high apparent density (≈ 0.568 g/cm 3 ), high fixed carbon (≈ 87.2%), low volatile matter (≈ 11.7%), low ash content (≈ 1.0%) and high higher heating value (≈ 32,925.40 kJ/kg). The charcoal of the brand B showed better quality considering significant higher average apparent density, no outlier of ash content above the maximum ideal value and overall lower variability within and among packages of the properties. The apparent density greatly varied among packages, while a greater variation within packages was observed for the other properties.
ISSN:1387-585X
1573-2975
DOI:10.1007/s10668-018-0216-x