Assessment of the Use of Natural Materials for the Remediation of Cadmium Soil Contamination

Rice plants accumulate cadmium (Cd2+) within the grain, increasing the danger of human exposure. Natural materials have been used in soil remediation, but few studies have examined the risks (based on the bioavailability of these metals to plants) of using these materials, so the practice remains co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 11; no. 6; p. e0157547
Main Authors:	de O Pinto, Tatiana, García, Andrés C, Guedes, Jair do N, do A Sobrinho, Nelson M B, Tavares, Orlando C H, Berbara, Ricardo L L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 24-06-2016 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adsorption Bagasse Bioavailability Biology and Life Sciences Cadmium Cadmium - chemistry Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Charcoal Composting Contamination Corn Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Environmental aspects Environmental Pollution Environmental remediation Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods Fourier transforms Grain Hazards Heavy metals Humic Substances Medicine and Health Sciences Multivariate analysis NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Oryza - chemistry Physical Sciences Plants (botany) Remediation Research and Analysis Methods Retention Retention capacity Rice Sediment pollution Soil - chemistry Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - chemistry Soil pollution Soil remediation Soil sciences Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum analysis Studies Sugarcane Vermicomposting Worms Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Summary:	Rice plants accumulate cadmium (Cd2+) within the grain, increasing the danger of human exposure. Natural materials have been used in soil remediation, but few studies have examined the risks (based on the bioavailability of these metals to plants) of using these materials, so the practice remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse, vermicompost (VC), vermicompost solid residue (VCR) and humin for remediation of Cd2+-contaminated soils. We characterized the interactions between these materials and Cd2+ and evaluated their capacity to alter Cd2+ availability to rice plants. Our results show that under the conditions in this study, biochar and humin were not effective for soil remediation. Although biochar had high Cd2+ retention, it was associated with high Cd2+ bioavailability and increased Cd2+ accumulation in rice plants. VC and VCR had high Cd2+ retention capacity as well as low Cd2+ availability to plants. These characteristics were especially notable for VCR, which was most effective for soil remediation. The results of our study demonstrate that in the tested materials, the bioavailability of Cd2+ to plants is related to their structural characteristics, which in turn determine their retention of Cd2+.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: TOP RLB ACG. Performed the experiments: TOP JNG OHT ACG. Analyzed the data: ACG RLB NMS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JNG OHT. Wrote the paper: ACG RLB.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0157547