Development of an electrolytic method to obtain antioxidant for biodiesel from cashew nut shell liquid

Illustration of the CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) decarboxylation process during extraction by heating to tCNSL obtention (Stage 1). Then, tCNSL with high percentage of cardanol (Stage 2) was electrolyzed in an electrolytic tank (Stage 3) in order to obtain eCNSL with low percentage of cardanol (St...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Fuel (Guildford) Vol. 144; pp. 415 - 422
Main Authors:	dos Santos, Raimunda Cardoso, Amorim, Adriany das Graças Nascimento, Thomasi, Sérgio Scherrer, Figueiredo, Francisco Cardoso, Carneiro, Clécia Silva, da Silva, Paulo Robério Pinho, de Vasconcelos Neto, Wilson Rosas, Ferreira, Antônio Gilberto, dos Santos Junior, José Ribeiro, Leite, José Roberto de Souza de Almeida
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 15-03-2015
Subjects:	Anacardium occidentale Antioxidant Biofuel CNSL Electrolysis Biofuel CNSL Electrolysis Antioxidant Anacardium occidentale
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Summary:	Illustration of the CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) decarboxylation process during extraction by heating to tCNSL obtention (Stage 1). Then, tCNSL with high percentage of cardanol (Stage 2) was electrolyzed in an electrolytic tank (Stage 3) in order to obtain eCNSL with low percentage of cardanol (Stage 4). [Display omitted] An electrochemical method was applied in order to obtain a new antioxidant for soy biodiesel conservation, from the technical CNSL (tCNSL). The electrochemical modification occurred in an electrolytic tank under controlled conditions, including the voltage, electrical current and tCNSL flow. Physico-chemical analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were carried out on tCNSL and eCNSL, while Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG–MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was carried out only on eCNSL to characterize the occured transformations after the electrolysis process. The Rancimat results showed that when eCNSL was added to the soy biodiesel, it was able to increased it is oxidative stability and the Induction Period (IP=7.31±0.20) values were higher than that required by ANP (Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels). The electrolytic tests results combined with GC–MS displayed a significant decrease in the cardanol percentage which can promote the formation of dimers or oligomers that may be responsible for the increased antioxidant activity of the eCNSL. Therefore, the electrolysis process resulted in an effective biofuel antioxidant that presents interesting commercial advantages.
ISSN:	0016-2361 1873-7153
DOI:	10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.082