Evaluation of totally implantable catheters in healthy horses

For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), the use of a totally implantable catheter (TIC) could be indicated to reduce complications associated with frequent venipuncture or external catheterization. This study aims to evaluate the implantation techni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC veterinary research Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 339 - 11
Main Authors:	de Souza Garcia, Adriana Fernandes, Ribeiro, Gesiane, de Assis Arantes, Julia, Reginato, Gustavo Morandini, Xavier, Nathalia Villaca, Carregaro, Adriano Bonfim, Silva, Thiago Jhonatha Fernandes, Grigoletto, Renan, de Freitas, Silvio Henrique, Dória, Renata Gebara Sampaio
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 26-10-2021 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Animals Cardiovascular instruments, Implanted Care and treatment Catheterization Catheterization - veterinary Catheters Catheters, Indwelling - veterinary Complications Edema Equine Forelimb - blood supply Horses Horses - physiology Horses - surgery Implantation technique Intravenous administration Intravenous regional limb perfusion Long-term catheter Methods Pain Patient satisfaction Perfusion Perfusion - veterinary Phlebotomy Radiography Thrombosis Vascular Surgical Procedures - methods Veins & arteries Venous access Veterinary surgery Brazil Intravenous regional limb perfusion Long-term catheter Equine Complications Implantation technique
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Summary:	For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP), the use of a totally implantable catheter (TIC) could be indicated to reduce complications associated with frequent venipuncture or external catheterization. This study aims to evaluate the implantation technique of the TIC in the cephalic vein of horses for IVRLP, describe the complications associated with the device's placement and use, and assess its viability up to 60 days after implantation. Totally implantable catheters, cut to 15 cm (n = 5) and 46 cm (n = 5) in length, were implanted into one cephalic vein in ten adult horses (n = 10). Twenty-four hours following placement, IVRLP with contrast was performed via the TIC and evaluated with radiography. Physical examinations, lameness evaluation, hematologic assessment, and the catheter patency tests were performed at scheduled intervals for the duration of catheterization (7-60 days). Catheters were implanted without difficulty and allowed for IVRLP 24 h post implantation. Complications resulted in removal of the catheters, with four maintained for 7 days, three in place for 15 days, and three catheters maintained for 60 days. Complications included lameness, limb swelling, catheter kinking, and venous thrombosis. The implantation technique of the TIC in the cephalic vein of horses is feasible and requires minimal technical effort. Although TIC allows venous access without the need for repeated venipuncture, its long-term use presents complications. For horses requiring prolonged daily cephalic IVRLP, the use of a TIC could be indicated. However, the high incidence of venous thrombosis may limit clinical application.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1746-6148 1746-6148
DOI:	10.1186/s12917-021-03052-z