A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid

A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid

Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 4487
Main Authors: Inácio, Alexandre Guimarães, Ítavo, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira, Dias, Alexandre Menezes, dos Santos Difante, Gelson, de Queiroz, Joice Ferreira, de Oliveira, Lincoln Carlos Silva, dos Santos, Geraldo Tadeu, Ítavo, Luís Carlos Vinhas
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 16-03-2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
631/92/349/977
639/638/92
Animal Feed - analysis
Animals
Calcium carbonate
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates - analysis
Coatings
Controlled release
Delayed-Action Preparations
Diet
Feed additives
Gas production
Humanities and Social Sciences
Intoxication
Microbiota
Molasses
multidisciplinary
Oil and gas production
Polymers
Rumen - metabolism
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Solubility
Starch
Starch - metabolism
Sugarcane
Sulfur
Synchronization
Urea
Urea - metabolism
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Summary:Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients.
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content type line 23
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0