Prospecting Local Treatments Used in Conjunction with Antivenom Administration Following Envenomation Caused by Animals: A Systematic Review

Envenomation caused by venomous animals may trigger significant local complications such as pain, edema, localized hemorrhage, and tissue necrosis, in addition to complications such as dermonecrosis, myonecrosis, and even amputations. This systematic review aims to evaluate scientific evidence on th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Toxins Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 313
Main Authors:	Carvalho, Érica S, Oliveira, Isadora, Nascimento, Thaís P, da Silva Neto, Alexandre Vilhena, Leal, Brenda A S, Araújo, Felipe Q, Julião, Bruno F V, Souza, Andrea R N, Abrahim, Andreza W, Macedo, Bruna B O, de Oliveira, Jéssica T S, Wen, Fan Hui, Pucca, Manuela B, Monteiro, Wuelton M, Sachett, Jacqueline A G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 28-04-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic Amputation Analgesics Animals Antibiotics Antihistamines Antivenins Antivenins - therapeutic use Antivenom Bites and stings Care and treatment Cold Complications Complications and side effects Contraindications Corticoids Corticosteroids Cryotherapy Disabilities Dosage and administration Edema envenoming Hemorrhage Histamine Homeopathy Injuries Insecta Insects Lasers local effects local therapies Materia medica and therapeutics Methods Myonecrosis Necrosis Pain Physiological aspects Review Reviews Scorpions Snake Bites - drug therapy Snakes Spiders Steroids Systematic review Therapeutics Tourniquets Venom venomous animals Brazil venomous animals local effects envenoming local therapies
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Summary:	Envenomation caused by venomous animals may trigger significant local complications such as pain, edema, localized hemorrhage, and tissue necrosis, in addition to complications such as dermonecrosis, myonecrosis, and even amputations. This systematic review aims to evaluate scientific evidence on therapies used to target local effects caused by envenomation. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and LILACS databases were used to perform a literature search on the topic. The review was based on studies that cited procedures performed on local injuries following envenomation with the aim of being an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. The literature regarding local treatments used following envenomation reports the use of several alternative methods and/or therapies. The venomous animals found in the search were snakes (82.05%), insects (2.56%), spiders (2.56%), scorpions (2.56%), and others (jellyfish, centipede, sea urchin-10.26%). In regard to the treatments, the use of tourniquets, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and cryotherapy is questionable, as well as the use of plants and oils. Low-intensity lasers stand out as a possible therapeutic tool for these injuries. Local complications can progress to serious conditions and may result in physical disabilities and sequelae. This study compiled information on adjuvant therapeutic measures and underscores the importance of more robust scientific evidence for recommendations that act on local effects together with the antivenom.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 ObjectType-Undefined-4
ISSN:	2072-6651 2072-6651
DOI:	10.3390/toxins15050313