Virucidal and antiviral activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract against the mosquito-borne Mayaro virus

The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes "Mayaro fever," a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. There are currently n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Parasites & vectors Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 443
Main Authors:	Salles, Tiago Souza, Meneses, Marcelo Damião Ferreira, Caldas, Lucio Ayres, Sá-Guimarães, Thayane Encarnação, de Oliveira, Danielle M, Ventura, José A, Azevedo, Renata Campos, Kuster, Ricardo M, Soares, Márcia Regina, Ferreira, Davis Fernandes
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 03-09-2021 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Alphavirus Alphavirus - classification Alphavirus - drug effects Animals Antibodies Antiviral activity Antiviral agents Antiviral Agents - pharmacology Aquatic insects Arboviruses - drug effects Biflavonoids Care and treatment Cellulose acetate Chlorocebus aethiops Chromatography Culicidae - virology Cultivation Cytotoxicity Disease transmission Dyes Electron microscopy Ethanol Experiments Fever Fractionation Fruit cultivation Fruits Genomes Health aspects Hydrolyzable Tannins - pharmacology Immunofluorescence Infections Influenza Materia medica, Vegetable Mayaro virus Mosquitoes NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Pharmacology, Experimental Phytochemicals - pharmacology Plant extracts Pomegranate Pomegranate - chemistry Punica granatum Punicalagin RNA virus infections RNA viruses Spectroscopic techniques Toxicity Transmission electron microscopy Tropical climate Tropical forests Uptake Urbanization Vector-borne diseases Vero Cells Virus Replication - drug effects Viruses Brazil Amazon Basin United States > US Japan Germany Alphavirus Biflavonoids Punicalagin Mayaro virus
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Summary:	The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes "Mayaro fever," a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. There are currently no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruits cultivated in Brazil have been subjected to phytochemical investigation for the identification and isolation of antiviral compounds. In the present study, we explored the antiviral activity of pomegranate extracts in Vero cells infected with Mayaro virus. The ethanol extract and punicalagin of pomegranate were extracted solely from the shell and purified by chromatographic fractionation, and were chemically identified using spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxicity of the purified compounds was measured by the dye uptake assay, while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. Pomegranate ethanol extract (CC = 588.9, IC = 12.3) and a fraction containing punicalagin as major compound (CC = 441.5, IC = 28.2) were shown to have antiviral activity (SI 49 and 16, respectively) against Mayaro virus, an alphavirus. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the virucidal effect of pomegranate extract, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed damage in viral particles treated with this extract. The P. granatum extract is a promising source of antiviral compounds against the alphavirus MAYV and represents an excellent candidate for future studies with other enveloped RNA viruses.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-3305 1756-3305
DOI:	10.1186/s13071-021-04955-4