Histoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Amazonas, Northern Brazil

Histoplasmosis is commonly observed in AIDS patients as a neglected opportunistic disease that has an important relationship with environmental factors. The present study described the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis in a tertiary healthcare f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Brazilian journal of microbiology Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 1331 - 1337
Main Authors:	de Menezes, Marcia Larissa Pereira, Cruz, Katia Santana, Ogusku, Mauricio Morishi, da Silva, Bianca Kelly Neves Izidro, Alves, Marla Jalene, Grisolia, Maria Eduarda, Gonçalves, Maria Jacirema Ferreira, de Souza, João Vicente Braga, Jackisch-Matsuura, Ani Beatriz
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01-06-2024
Subjects:	Biomedical and Life Sciences Clinical Microbiology - Research Paper Food Microbiology Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Microbial Ecology Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbiology Mycology HIV/AIDS Amazonas Environmental sources Epidemiology Histoplasma capsulatum
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Summary:	Histoplasmosis is commonly observed in AIDS patients as a neglected opportunistic disease that has an important relationship with environmental factors. The present study described the clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis in a tertiary healthcare facility in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and evaluated the patients’ homes and urban environmental samples as a source of exposure to Histoplasma capsulatum . A review of medical records from 2017 to 2019 of patients with HIV/AIDS associated with histoplasmosis was carried out, as well as the collection of environmental samples in the homes of these patients. These samples were subjected to DNA extraction and then subjected to qPCR. A total of 62 patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and histoplasmosis were identified, which corresponds to 4.5% ( n = 62/1372) of the HIV/AIDS cases detected in the period. Of these, 68% ( n = 42/62) were male, with a mean age of 36 years and low education. In 47% ( n = 29/62) of the cases, the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and histoplasmosis occurred simultaneously. Mortality was 45% ( n = 28/62), and 68% ( n = 42/62) of these patients did not regularly use highly active antiretroviral therapy. The main symptoms found were respiratory, gastrointestinal, and weight loss, and in 81% ( n = 50/62), the place of residence was in an urban area. A total of 57 environmental samples were analyzed, and the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. There was a high mortality rate in the studied group of patients with AIDS and histoplasmosis. Most patients reported residing in urban areas of Manaus, with no history of travel to other areas previously known as being high risk for histoplasmosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1517-8382 1678-4405 1678-4405
DOI:	10.1007/s42770-024-01277-2