Coffee agroecosystem performance under full sun, shade, conventional and organic management regimes in Central America

Changes in coffee economics are leading producers to reduce agrochemical use and increase the use of shade. Research is needed on how to balance the competition from shade trees with the provision of ecological services to the coffee. In 2000, long-term coffee experiments were established in Costa R...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Agroforestry systems Vol. 82; no. 3; pp. 285 - 301
Main Authors:	Haggar, J., Barrios, M., Bolaños, M., Merlo, M., Moraga, P., Munguia, R., Ponce, A., Romero, S., Soto, G., Staver, C., de M. F. Virginio, E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-07-2011 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Agricultural and farming systems Agricultural ecosystems Agricultural management Agricultural production Agriculture Agrochemicals agroforestry Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Coffee competition Economics Erythrina Forestry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agroecology General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping General agronomy. Plant production Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development Inga Life Sciences Organic farming Recycling Soil Soil pH sun Tabebuia rosea Trees Waste management South America Central America Amazon Basin America Nicaragua Costa Rica Nitrogen mineralization Ecological services Nutrient balance Sustainable coffee production Nutrient recycling Tropical zone Coffee Nutritional indicator Inga laurina Mineralization Dicotyledones Angiospermae Sustainable production Terminalia amazonia Bignoniaceae Recycling Light effect Broadleaved ornamental tree Conventional agriculture Shading Nitrogen Sustainable use Ecosystem service Agroecosystem Leguminosae Tabebuia rosea Combretaceae Organic agriculture Erythrina poepiggiana Nutrient Spermatophyta Agroforestry
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Summary:	Changes in coffee economics are leading producers to reduce agrochemical use and increase the use of shade. Research is needed on how to balance the competition from shade trees with the provision of ecological services to the coffee. In 2000, long-term coffee experiments were established in Costa Rica and Nicaragua to compare coffee agroecosystem performance under full sun, legume and non-legume shade types, and intensive and moderate conventional and organic inputs. Coffee yield from intensive organic production was not significantly different from intensive conventional in Nicaragua, but in Costa Rica it was lower during three of the six harvests. Full sun coffee production over 6 years was greater than shaded coffee in Costa Rica (61.8 vs. 44.7 t ha −1 , P = 0.0002). In Nicaragua, full sun coffee production over 5 years (32.1 t ha −1 ) was equal to coffee with shade that included Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., (27–30 t ha −1 ) and both were more productive ( P = 0.03) than coffee shaded with Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (21.6 t ha −1 ). Moderate input organic production was significantly lower than other managements under all shade types, except in the presence of Erythrina poepiggina (Walp.) O.F. Cook. Inga and Erythrina had greater basal area and nutrient recycling from prunings than other shade species. Intensive organic production increased soil pH and P, and had higher K compared to moderate conventional. Although legume shade trees potentially provide ecological services to associated coffee, this depends on management of the competition from those same trees.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0167-4366 1572-9680
DOI:	10.1007/s10457-011-9392-5