Molecular Epidemiology of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, South America, 2023-2024

Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is a mosquitoborne virus that reemerged in December 2023 in Argentina and Uruguay, causing a major outbreak. We investigated the outbreak using epidemiologic, entomological, and genomic analyses, focusing on WEEV circulation near the Argentina‒Uruguay border...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Emerging infectious diseases Vol. 30; no. 9; pp. 1834 - 1840
Main Authors:	Campos, Aline Scarpellini, Franco, Ana Claúdia, Godinho, Fernanda M, Huff, Rosana, Candido, Darlan S, da Cruz Cardoso, Jader, Hua, Xinyi, Claro, Ingra M, Morais, Paola, Franceschina, Carolina, de Lima Bermann, Thales, Dos Santos, Franciellen Machado, Bauermann, Milena, Selayaran, Tainá Machado, Ruivo, Amanda Pellenz, Santin, Cristiane, Bonella, Juciane, Rodenbusch, Carla, Ferreira, José Carlos, Weaver, Scott C, Gewehr, Vilar Ricardo, Wallau, Gabriel Luz, de Souza, William M, Salvato, Richard Steiner
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases 01-09-2024 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subjects:	Adult alphavirus Animals arbovirus Argentina - epidemiology Care and treatment central nervous system infection Diagnosis Disease Outbreaks Encephalitis Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine - genetics Encephalomyelitis, Equine - epidemiology Encephalomyelitis, Equine - veterinary Encephalomyelitis, Equine - virology Encephalomyelitis, Western Equine - epidemiology Encephalomyelitis, Western Equine - virology Epidemics Epidemiology Equine encephalomyelitis Evaluation Female Genetic aspects Genomes Genotype Health surveillance Horse Diseases - epidemiology Horse Diseases - virology Horses Humans Identification and classification Infections Laboratories Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Molecular Epidemiology Molecular Epidemiology of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus, South America, 2023–2024 mosquito-borne alphavirus Mosquitoes Outbreaks Phylogenetics Phylogeny Public health administration Software South America - epidemiology Tissues Uruguay - epidemiology Vaccination Vaccines Viruses Western equine encephalitis virus South America Uruguay Argentina Brazil Rio Grande do Sul Brazil United States > US South America Argentina viruses Uruguay zoonoses alphavirus central nervous system infection arbovirus mosquito-borne alphavirus vector-borne infections Western equine encephalitis virus Brazil meningitis/encephalitis
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Summary:	Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is a mosquitoborne virus that reemerged in December 2023 in Argentina and Uruguay, causing a major outbreak. We investigated the outbreak using epidemiologic, entomological, and genomic analyses, focusing on WEEV circulation near the Argentina‒Uruguay border in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. During November 2023‒April 2024, the outbreak in Argentina and Uruguay resulted in 217 human cases, 12 of which were fatal, and 2,548 equine cases. We determined cases on the basis of laboratory and clinical epidemiologic criteria. We characterized 3 fatal equine cases caused by a novel WEEV lineage identified through a nearly complete coding sequence analysis, which we propose as lineage C. Our findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance and equine vaccination to control future WEEV outbreaks in South America.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1080-6040 1080-6059 1080-6059
DOI:	10.3201/eid3009.240530