Normal range for fetal urine production rate customized by biometry

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for fetal urine production (UPR) using biometric parameters. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 110 normal singleton fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 20 to 40 weeks. UPR was measured using tridimensional ultrasound (3-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Archives of gynecology and obstetrics Vol. 287; no. 1; pp. 31 - 35
Main Authors:	Peixoto-Filho, Fernando Maia, de Sá, Renato Augusto Moreira, Velarde, Luis Guillermo Coca, de Castro Mocarzel, Carolina, Lopes, Laudelino Marques, Ville, Yves
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 2013 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Abdomen Abdomen - diagnostic imaging Abdomen - embryology Biometrics Biometry Cephalometry Cross-Sectional Studies Diuresis Endocrinology Female Femur - diagnostic imaging Femur - embryology Fetus - physiology Fetuses Gestational Age Gynecology Human Genetics Humans Humerus - diagnostic imaging Humerus - embryology Maternal-Fetal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nomograms Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery Pregnancy Ultrasonography, Prenatal - methods Urinary Bladder - diagnostic imaging Urinary Bladder - embryology Urine Urine - physiology Fetal urine production rate Fetal bladder volume measurement 3-D ultrasonography VOCAL
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Summary:	Objective The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for fetal urine production (UPR) using biometric parameters. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 110 normal singleton fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 20 to 40 weeks. UPR was measured using tridimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) virtual organ computer-aided analysis. UPR (ml/h) was calculated during the filling phase using the equation, UPR = (VFB2−VFB1)/time. The values for UPR were plotted as a function of fetal biometry (femur, humerus, abdominal circumference, and head circumference and biparietal diameter) to obtain a nomogram for each parameter. Results A total of 110 normal singleton fetuses with gestational age between 20 and 40 weeks were investigated. Five of them were excluded because the image quality was insufficient for correct visualization of the bladder contour. Linear regression analysis of UPR as a function of femur, humerus, abdominal circumference, and head circumference and biparietal diameter generated curves that represents the normal range for UPR by fetal biometry, and expressed by the following equations: (1) Humerus length (HL): ln (UPR) = −5.9546 + 0.0958 × HL (mm); ( R 2 0.6422); (2) abdominal circumference: ln (UPR) = −1.0981 + 0.158 × AC (mm); ( R 2 0.6328); (3) femur length: ln (UPR) = −1.5133 + 0.0803 × FL (mm); ( R 2 0.6611); (4) biparietal diameter ln (UPR) = −7.8779 + 0.2368 × BPD−0.0012 × DBP 2 ; ( R 2 0.7066). Although BPD has the highest correlation coefficient ( R 2 0.7066) there was no statistical significant difference between the parameters investigated for UPR prediction. Conclusion The use of biometric parameters for prediction of fetal UPR seems to be useful and can avoid the necessity of building local nomograms for different populations. The same strategy should be considered to other fields in fetal medicine.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0932-0067 1432-0711
DOI:	10.1007/s00404-012-2516-y