Facial emotion recognition in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives

Abstract Background Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important task associated with social cognition because facial expression is a significant source of non-verbal information that guides interpersonal relationships. Increasing evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) patients present defi...

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Published in:	Comprehensive psychiatry Vol. 68; pp. 18 - 23
Main Authors:	de Brito Fereira Fernandes, Francy, Gigante, Alexandre Duarte, Berutti, Mariangeles, Amaral, José Antônio, de Almeida, Karla Mathias, de Almeida Rocca, Cristiana Castanho, Lafer, Beny, Nery, Fabiano Gonçalves
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-07-2016 Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Age Alcohol Bipolar disorder Bipolar Disorder - psychology Case-Control Studies Cognition Cyclothymic Disorder - psychology Emotional Intelligence Emotions Emotions - physiology Endophenotypes Executive Function - physiology Facial Expression Facial Recognition - physiology Fear - physiology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality Neuropsychological Tests Psychiatry Recognition (Psychology) Response time Risk Factors Studies Teenagers BD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Wechsler Intelligence Scale Abbreviated Facial emotion recognition WASI Bipolar disorder SCID Healthy controls FER Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnoses Young Mania Rating Scale HC HDRS YMRS DSM
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Summary:	Abstract Background Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important task associated with social cognition because facial expression is a significant source of non-verbal information that guides interpersonal relationships. Increasing evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) patients present deficits in FER and these deficits may be present in individuals at high genetic risk for BD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of FER deficits in euthymic BD patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls (HC) and to consider if these deficits might be regarded as an endophenotype candidate for BD. Methods We studied 23 patients with DSM-IV BD type I, 22 first-degree relatives of these patients, and 27 HC. We used the Penn Emotion Recognition Tests to evaluate tasks of FER, emotion discrimination, and emotional acuity. Patients were recruited from outpatient facilities at the Institute of Psychiatry of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, or from the community through media advertisements, had to be euthymic, with age above 18 years old and a diagnosis of DSM-IV BD type I. Results Euthymic BD patients presented significantly fewer correct responses for fear, and significantly increased time to response to recognize happy faces when compared with HC, but not when compared with first-degree relatives. First-degree relatives did not significantly differ from HC on any of the emotion recognition tasks. Conclusion Our results suggest that deficits in FER are present in euthymic patients, but not in subjects at high genetic risk for BD. Thus, we have not found evidence to consider FER as an endophenotype candidate for BD.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0010-440X 1532-8384
DOI:	10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.001