Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains

Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains

Our study investigated the innate immune response to infection by assessing microglial phenotypic changes and sickness behavior as inflammatory response markers post-ocular tachyzoite instillation. Disease progression in Swiss albino mice was compared with the previously documented outcomes in BALB/...

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Published in:Biomedicines Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 1420
Main Authors: Diniz, Daniel G, de Oliveira, Jhonnathan H P, Guerreiro, Luma C F, de Menezes, Gabriel C, de Assis, Alexa C L, Duarte, Tainá Q, Dos Santos, Izabelly B D, Maciel, Flávia D, Soares, Gabrielly L da S, Araújo, Sanderson C, Franco, Felipe T de C, do Carmo, Ediclei L, Morais, Rafaela Dos A B, de Lima, Camila M, Brites, Dora, Anthony, Daniel C, Diniz, José A P, Diniz, Cristovam W P
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26-06-2024
Subjects:
Albinism
Behavior
Brain research
Comparative analysis
Dentate gyrus
Disease
Disease resistance
Eye diseases
Homeostasis
Immune response
Immune system
Immunological tolerance
Infections
Innate immunity
Laboratory animals
Microglia
Microglial cells
Morphology
ocular infection
Parasite resistance
Parasites
Pathogens
Protozoa
resistance
Sickness behavior
Tachyzoites
tolerance
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
dentate gyrus
Toxoplasma gondii
sickness behavior
ocular infection
microglia
resistance
tolerance
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Summary:Our study investigated the innate immune response to infection by assessing microglial phenotypic changes and sickness behavior as inflammatory response markers post-ocular tachyzoite instillation. Disease progression in Swiss albino mice was compared with the previously documented outcomes in BALB/c mice using an identical ocular route and parasite burden (2 × 10 tachyzoites), with saline as the control. Contrary to expectations, the Swiss albino mice displayed rapid, lethal disease progression, marked by pronounced sickness behaviors and mortality within 11-12 days post-infection, while the survivors exhibited no apparent signs of infection. Comparative analysis revealed the -infected BALB/c mice exhibited reduced avoidance of feline odors, while the infected Swiss albino mice showed enhanced avoidance responses. There was an important increase in microglial cells in the dentate gyrus molecular layer of the infected Swiss albino mice compared to the BALB/c mice and their respective controls. Hierarchical cluster and discriminant analyses identified three microglial morphological clusters, differentially affected by infection across strains. The BALB/c mice exhibited increased microglial branching and complexity, while the Swiss albino mice showed reduced shrunken microglial arbors, diminishing their morphological complexity. These findings highlight strain-specific differences in disease progression and inflammatory regulation, indicating lineage-specific mechanisms in inflammatory responses, tolerance, and resistance. Understanding these elements is critical in devising control measures for toxoplasmosis.
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ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12071420