Pressure pain threshold of masticatory muscles in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability: a pilot study

Pressure pain threshold of masticatory muscles in children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability: a pilot study

Purpose Pain is considered a stressful experience, related to real or possible tissue damage with emotional, sensory, social and cognitive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare, using a digital algometer, the pressure pain threshold of temporal and masseter muscles of children...

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Published in:European archives of paediatric dentistry Vol. 22; no. 4; pp. 587 - 593
Main Authors: de Araújo Vitor, C. A., de Oliveira Lira Ortega, A., Ferreira, A. C. F. M., da Silva, C. A.-A. L., Gallottini, M. H. C., Santos, M. T. B. R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-08-2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Analog computers
Chi-square test
Children
Cognition & reasoning
Dentistry
Intellectual disabilities
Medicine
Muscles
Observational studies
Original Scientific Article
Pain
Signs and symptoms
Teenagers
Temporomandibular joint disorders
Variables
Brazil
Visual analog scale
Pressure pain threshold
Intellectual disability
Pain
Algometer
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Summary:Purpose Pain is considered a stressful experience, related to real or possible tissue damage with emotional, sensory, social and cognitive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare, using a digital algometer, the pressure pain threshold of temporal and masseter muscles of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data regarding gender and age were collected from the caregiver of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. The evaluations followed this sequence: pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, evaluation of pain on touch using the visual analog scale and signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorder. The χ 2 test, the Kolgomorov–Smirnov test, Student t test and Mann–Whitney test were performed. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Two homogeneous groups by gender ( P  = 0.258) and age ( P  = 0.727) were evaluated, of which 25 children and adolescents presented intellectual disability and another 25 did not have intellectual disability. No significant difference was observed between groups on the pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, nor pressure average or exam time ( P  > 0.05). Regarding Temporomandibular dysfunction, no difference in signs or symptoms frequency was found ( P  > 0.05). However, the range of maximum mouth opening was smaller in the intellectual disability group ( P  = 0.006). Conclusion Children and adolescents with intellectual disability and preserved basic functionalities do not present alterations in pain perception when evaluated with computerized pressure algometer and visual analog scale. They present similar threshold of pain to pressure as those reported by normative children and adolescents. These results emphasize the importance to treat these children and adolescents with intellectual disability with respect to their pain threshold.
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ISSN:1818-6300
1996-9805
DOI:10.1007/s40368-020-00593-z