Cytotoxicity, Biocompatibility, and Calcium Deposition Capacity of 45S5 Bioglass Experimental Paste and Bio-C Temp: In Vitro and In Vivo Study Using Wistar Rats

The evolution of biomaterials engineering allowed for the development of products that improve outcomes in the medical-dental field. Bioglasses have demonstrated the ability to either compose or replace different materials in dentistry. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, calciu...

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Published in:	Journal of functional biomaterials Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 184
Main Authors:	Benetti, Francine, de Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Chaves, de Andrade, Maria Paula Bernal, Cantiga-Silva, Cristiane, Sivieri-Araújo, Gustavo, Dezan Júnior, Eloi, Gomes-Filho, João Eduardo, Diniz, Ivana Márcia Alvez, Dos Reis-Prado, Alexandre Henrique, Souza, Marina Trevelin, Zanotto, Edgar Dutra, Cintra, Luciano Tavares Angelo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 04-07-2024
Subjects:	Biocompatibility Bioglass Biomaterials Biomedical materials biomineralization Birefringence Calcium hydroxide Cell culture Cell viability Collagen Cytotoxicity Dental materials Dental pulp Dentistry Deposition Dilution Distilled water In vivo methods and tests intracanal medication Light Medical materials Microscopy Pastes Polarized light Slaked lime Staining Statistical analysis Tissue engineering Toxicity Tubes Brazil intracanal medication biomineralization biocompatibility bioglass cytotoxicity
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Summary:	The evolution of biomaterials engineering allowed for the development of products that improve outcomes in the medical-dental field. Bioglasses have demonstrated the ability to either compose or replace different materials in dentistry. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, calcium deposition, and collagen maturation of 45S5 bioglass experimental paste and Bio-C Temp, compared to calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) paste. The 45S5 bioglass and Ca(OH) powder were mixed with distilled water (ratio 2:1); Bio-C Temp is ready-for-use. Dental pulp cells were exposed to the materials' extracts (1:2 and 1:4 dilutions; 24, 48, and 72 h) for MTT and live/dead analyses. Polyethylene tubes filled with the pastes, or left empty (control), were implanted on the dorsum of 16 rats. After 7 and 30 days (n = 8/period), the rats were euthanized and the specimens were processed for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), von Kossa (vK), and picrosirius red (PSR) staining, or without staining for polarized light (PL) birefringence analysis. A statistical analysis was applied ( < 0.05). There was no difference in cell viability among Ca(OH) , 45S5 bioglass, and the control, across all periods and dilutions ( > 0.05), while Bio-C Temp was cytotoxic in all periods and dilutions compared to the control ( < 0.05). Regarding biocompatibility, there was a reduction in inflammation from 7 to 30 days for all groups, without significant differences among the groups for any period ( > 0.05). The fibrous capsules were thick for all groups at 7 days and thin at 30 days. All materials showed positive structures for vK and PL analysis. At 7 days, the control and 45S5 bioglass showed more immature collagen than the other groups ( < 0.05); at 30 days, 45S5 bioglass had more immature than mature collagen, different from the other groups ( < 0.05). In conclusion, Bio-C Temp presented cytotoxicity compared to the other materials, but the three pastes showed biocompatibility and induced calcium deposition. Additionally, the bioglass paste allowed for marked and continuous collagen proliferation. This study contributed to the development of new biomaterials and highlighted different methodologies for understanding the characteristics of medical-dental materials.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2079-4983 2079-4983
DOI:	10.3390/jfb15070184