Diversity, phylogeny and evolution of the rapidly evolving genus Psidium L. (Myrtaceae, Myrteae)

Psidium is the fourthth largest genus of Myrtaceae in the Neotropics. Psidium guajava is widely cultivated in the tropics for its edible fruit. It is commercially under threat due to the disease guava decline. Psidium cattleyanum is one of the 100 most invasive organisms in the world. Knowledge of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Annals of botany Vol. 129; no. 4; pp. 367 - 388
Main Authors:	Proença, Carolyn Elinore Barnes, Tuler, Amélia Carlos, Lucas, Eve J, Vasconcelos, Thais Nogales da Costa, de Faria, Jair Eustáquio Quintino, Staggemeier, Vanessa Graziele, de-Carvalho, Plauto Simão, Forni-Martins, Eliana Regina, Inglis, Peter Ward, da Mata, Lorena Ramos, da Costa, Itayguara Ribeiro
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Oxford University Press 23-03-2022
Subjects:	Bayes Theorem Forests Myrtaceae - anatomy & histology Myrtaceae - genetics Phylogeny Psidium - genetics Research in Context apomixis stone cells polyploidy animal dispersal Neotropical flora idioblasts guava tropical fruit invasive species Amphistomatic leaves
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Summary:	Psidium is the fourthth largest genus of Myrtaceae in the Neotropics. Psidium guajava is widely cultivated in the tropics for its edible fruit. It is commercially under threat due to the disease guava decline. Psidium cattleyanum is one of the 100 most invasive organisms in the world. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Psidium is poor. We aim to provide a review of the biology, morphology and ecology of Psidium, a phylogenetic tree, an infrageneric classification and a list of species. Morphological and geographic data were obtained by studying Psidium in herbaria and in the field between 1988 and 2020. Forty-six herbaria were visited personally. A database of approx. 6000 specimens was constructed, and the literature was reviewed. Thirty species (about a third of the species in the genus) were sampled for molecular phylogenetic inference. Two chloroplast (psbA-trnH and ndhF) and two nuclear (external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer) regions were targeted. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood (ML; RaxML) and Bayesian inference (BI; MrBayes). Psidium is a monophyletic genus with four major clades recognized as sections. Section Psidium (ten species), to which P. guajava belongs, is sister to the rest of the genus; it is widespread across the Neotropics. Section Obversifolia (six species; restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest), which includes P. cattleyanum, is sister to the innermost clade composed of sister sections Apertiflora (31 species; widespread but most diverse in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest) + Mitranthes (26 species; widespread in dry forests and probably diverse in the Caribbean). Characters associated with diversification within Psidium are discussed. Research on pre-foliation, colleters, leaf anatomy, leaf physiology, staminal development, placentation and germination associated with the anatomy of the opercular plug is desirable. Studies are biased towards sections Psidium and Obversifolia, with other sections poorly known.
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ISSN:	0305-7364 1095-8290
DOI:	10.1093/aob/mcac005