In Vitro Amoebicidal Activity of Imidazolium Salts Against Trophozoites

Introduction Several strains of the free-living genus Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare chronic and slowly progressive infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a sight-threatening eye infectious disease. AK incidence has in...

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Published in:	Acta parasitologica Vol. 65; no. 2; pp. 317 - 326
Main Authors:	Fabres, Laura Führich, da Costa Gonçalves, Fabiany, Duarte, Eliane Oliveira Salines, Berté, Francisco Kercher, da Conceição, Débora Kélen Si lva, Ferreira, Leonildo Alves, Schrekker, Henri Stephan, Rott, Marilise Brittes
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01-06-2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Acanthamoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii - drug effects Acanthamoeba castellanii - growth & development Amebicides - chemistry Amebicides - pharmacology Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography Animals Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Brain - blood supply Brain - cytology Cell lines Cells, Cultured Central nervous system Chlorides Chronic infection Contact lenses Cytotoxicity Disinfection Ecology Encephalitis Endothelial Cells Environment Erythrocytes Genotypes Hemolysis Humans Imidazole Imidazoles - chemistry Imidazoles - pharmacology Infectious diseases Inhibitory Concentration 50 Keratitis Kinetics Macrophages Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medical Microbiology Mice Microbiology Microvasculature Original Paper Parasites Parasitic Sensitivity Tests Parasitology RAW 264.7 Cells Salts Selectivity Toxicity testing Trophozoites Trophozoites - drug effects Keratitis Amoebic encephalitis In vitro cytotoxicity Imidazolium ionic liquids Clinical and environmental isolates Acanthamoeba
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Summary:	Introduction Several strains of the free-living genus Acanthamoeba can cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare chronic and slowly progressive infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a sight-threatening eye infectious disease. AK incidence has increased with the popularization of the contact lens wear and its treatment is currently limited and frequently unsuccessful. As imidazolium salts (IS), cationic imidazole derivatives, have promising antimicrobial potential. Materials and Methods The present study evaluated the amoebicidal activity of four IS; 1- n -hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C 16 MImMeS), chloride (C 16 MImCl) and bis (triluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (C 16 MImNTf2 ), and 1-methyl-3- n -octadecylimidazolium chloride (C 18 MImCl), against the Acanthamoeba castellanii (ATCC30010) environmental strain and a clinical isolate (genotype T4). Results Three IS showed being lethal to 100% of the Acanthamoeba trophozoites at the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125 and 62.5 μg/mL (C 16 MImMeS), 31.25 and 62.5 μg/mL (C 16 MImCl), and 125 and 125 μg/mL (C 18 MImCl) for ATCC30010 and isolate T4, respectively. C 16 MImNTf2 did not demonstrate amoebicidal activity. All active IS caused the hemolysis of erythrocytes. The cytotoxic effect of the IS was tested in RAW macrophages and human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which demonstrated cytotoxicity in all concentrations tested against both cell lines. As a consequence, these IS with amoebicidal activity presented low selectivity index values (SI) (SI < 1.0), demonstrating lack of parasite selectivity. Conclusion Thus, C 16 MImMeS, C 16 MImCl, and C18MImCl seem to hold greater promise as components for contact lens cleaning and disinfection solutions, instead of direct human application.
ISSN:	1230-2821 1896-1851
DOI:	10.2478/s11686-019-00161-6