Brain Spectroscopy Analysis in Retired Soccer Players With Chronic Exposure to Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries
Soccer players are at risk of suffering cranial injuries in the short and long term. There is growing concern that this may lead to traumatic brain injury in soccer players. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an analytical method that enables the measurement of changes in brain metabolites tha...
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| Published in: | Neurotrauma reports Vol. 4; no. 1; pp. 551 - 559 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
01-08-2023
Mary Ann Liebert |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Soccer players are at risk of suffering cranial injuries in the short and long term. There is growing concern that this may lead to traumatic brain injury in soccer players. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an analytical method that enables the measurement of changes in brain metabolites that usually occur before significant structural changes. This study aimed to use MRS to compare variations in brain metabolite levels between retired soccer players and a control group. Twenty retired professional soccer players and 22 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including MRS sequences and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Metabolite analysis was conducted based on absolute concentration and relative ratios. N-acetyl-aspartate, choline, glutamate, glutamine, and myoinositol were the metabolites of interest for the statistical analysis. Retired soccer players had an average age of 57.8 years, whereas the control group had an average age of 63.2 years. Median cognitive evaluation score, assessed using the MMSE, was 28 [26–29] for athletes and 29 [28–30] for controls (
p
= 0.01). Uni- and multi-variate analyses of the absolute concentration of metabolites (mM) between former athletes and controls did not yield any statistically significant results. Comparison of metabolites to creatine ratio concentrations did not yield any statistically significant results. There were no changes in concentrations of brain metabolites that indicated brain metabolic changes in retired soccer players compared with controls. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This Null Hypothesis article is published as part of a collaborative effort between Cohen Veterans Bioscience, the Center for Biomedical Research Transparency (CMBRT), and Mary Ann Liebert, inc., publishers to promote open science through publication of high-quality studies, including those with negative, inconclusive, and confirmatory results. The authors' Article Processing Charges (APC) for this article has been subsidized as part of this collaboration. Opinions expressed by the authors and advertisers are not necessarily those of Cohen Veterans Bioscience, CBMRT, or of the Publisher. Cohen Veterans Bioscience, CBMRT, and the Publisher disclaimany liability to any party for the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or availability of thematerial contained in this publication (including drug dosages) or for any damages arising out of the use or non-use of any of the material contained in this publication. |
| ISSN: | 2689-288X 2689-288X |
| DOI: | 10.1089/neur.2023.0020 |