Multi-pulse galvanostatic preparation of nanostructured bismuth film electrode for trace metal detection

•Nanostructured bismuth film electrode (nsBiFE) exhibits excellent sensitivity for measuring trace heavy metal ions.•nsBiFE is characterized by good repeatability and functional stability.•Multi-pulse galvanostatic protocol enables favorable control of bismuth film deposition. The preparation of nan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol. 245; pp. 720 - 725
Main Authors:	Zidarič, T., Jovanovski, V., Menart, E., Zorko, M., Kolar, M., Veber, M., Hočevar, S.B.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01-06-2017 Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:	Anodic stripping Anodic stripping voltammetry Bismuth Cadmium Deposition Electrodes Glassy carbon Lead Multi-pulse galvanostatic deposition Nanostructure Nanostructured bismuth film electrode Nanostructured materials Pulse duration Relaxation time Sensitivity analysis Substrates Thin films Trace elements Trace metal detection Voltammetry Lead Cadmium Trace metal detection Nanostructured bismuth film electrode Multi-pulse galvanostatic deposition Anodic stripping voltammetry
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Summary:	•Nanostructured bismuth film electrode (nsBiFE) exhibits excellent sensitivity for measuring trace heavy metal ions.•nsBiFE is characterized by good repeatability and functional stability.•Multi-pulse galvanostatic protocol enables favorable control of bismuth film deposition. The preparation of nanostructured bismuth film electrode (nsBiFE) via ex-situ multi-pulse galvanostatic deposition protocol is presented. The nsBiFE was prepared on a glassy carbon substrate electrode and studied for anodic stripping voltammetric detection of trace metal ions. Several important parameters were examined and optimized, such as the composition of plating solution, pulse deposition current, pulse duration (pulse deposition time and relaxation time) etc. The nsBiFE exhibited excellent sensitivity associated with well-defined and reproducible signals of both test analytes, i.e. Cd(II) and Pb(II), accompanied with low background contribution. It revealed good linear behaviour in the examined concentration range of 20 − 100μgL−1 along with remarkable low limits of detection, i.e. 0.4μgL−1 for Cd(II) and 0.1μgL−1 for Pb(II) after 300s accumulation, and good repeatability with RSDs of 5.1% and 3.8% for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively.
ISSN:	0925-4005 1873-3077
DOI:	10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.162