Association of hyperglycaemia with hospital mortality in nondiabetic COVID-19 patients: A cohort study

Association of hyperglycaemia with hospital mortality in nondiabetic COVID-19 patients: A cohort study

Diabetes is a known risk factor for mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our objective was to identify prevalence of hyperglycaemia in COVID-19 patients with and without prior diabetes and quantify its association with COVID-19 disease course. This observational cohort study in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes & metabolism Vol. 47; no. 3; p. 101254
Main Authors: Mamtani, M., Athavale, A.M., Abraham, M., Vernik, J., Amarah, A.R., Ruiz, J.P., Joshi, A.J., Itteera, M., Zhukovski, S.D., Madaiah, R.P., White, B.C., Hart, P., Kulkarni, H.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01-05-2021
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Blood Glucose - analysis
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - mortality
Diabetes
Female
Hospital Mortality
Hospitalization
Humans
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperglycemia - blood
Hyperglycemia - mortality
Male
Middle Aged
Original
COVID-19
Hospital mortality
Hyperglycaemia
Diabetes
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Summary:Diabetes is a known risk factor for mortality in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our objective was to identify prevalence of hyperglycaemia in COVID-19 patients with and without prior diabetes and quantify its association with COVID-19 disease course. This observational cohort study included all consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to John H Stroger Jr. Hospital, Chicago, IL from March 15, 2020 to May 3, 2020 and followed till May 15, 2020. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and the studied predictor was hyperglycaemia [any blood glucose ≥7.78 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) during hospitalization]. Of the 403 COVID-19 patients studied, 51 (12.7%) died; 335 (83.1%) were discharged while 17 (4%) were still in hospital. Hyperglycaemia occurred in 228 (56.6%) patients; 83 of these hyperglycaemic patients (36.4%) had no prior history of diabetes. Compared to the reference group no-diabetes/no-hyperglycaemia patients the no-diabetes/hyperglycaemia patients showed higher mortality [1.8% versus 20.5%, adjusted odds ratio 21.94 (95% confidence interval 4.04–119.0), P < 0.001]; improved prediction of death (P = 0.01) and faster progression to death (P < 0.01). Hyperglycaemia within the first 24 and 48 h was also significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio 2.15 and 3.31, respectively). Hyperglycaemia without prior diabetes was common (20.6% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients) and was associated with an increased risk of and faster progression to death. Development of hyperglycaemia in COVID-19 patients who do not have diabetes is an early indicator of progressive disease.
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Equal contribution as first author.
ISSN:1262-3636
1878-1780
DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101254