Long-Term Biodegradation of Polyacrylamide Gel Residues in Mammary Glands: Physico-Chemical Analysis, Chromatographic Detection, and Implications for Chronic Inflammation

Long-Term Biodegradation of Polyacrylamide Gel Residues in Mammary Glands: Physico-Chemical Analysis, Chromatographic Detection, and Implications for Chronic Inflammation

In the past, polyacrylamide hydrogel was a popular choice for breast augmentation filler, and many women underwent mammoplasty with this gel. However, due to frequent complications, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel in mammoplasty has been banned. Despite this ban, patients experiencing complicatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 29; no. 14; p. 3247
Main Authors: Legonkova, Olga A, Sultanova, Naida O, Stafford, Victoria V, Zavitaeva, Anastasia A, Kopitsyn, Dmitry S, Tolboeva, Elena R, Mahmydov, Abdul M, Vinokurov, Vladimir A, Davydova, Galina A, Svishcheva, Natalia B, Barbaro, Katia, Rau, Julietta V
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 09-07-2024
Subjects:
Acrylic Resins - chemistry
Adult
Body fat
Breast implants
Breast Implants - adverse effects
Chromatography
Connective tissue
degradation products
Female
Foreign bodies
Humans
hydrogel
Inflammation
Mammaplasty
Mammary Glands, Human - metabolism
Mammary Glands, Human - pathology
mammoplasty
Middle Aged
polyacrylamide
Polymers
Surgery
transformation
IR spectrometry
hydrogel
degradation products
differential scanning calorimetry
mammoplasty
breast implants
liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
transformation
gas chromatography
polyacrylamide
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Summary:In the past, polyacrylamide hydrogel was a popular choice for breast augmentation filler, and many women underwent mammoplasty with this gel. However, due to frequent complications, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel in mammoplasty has been banned. Despite this ban, patients experiencing complications still seek medical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the polymer over a defined implantation period. Biopsies of breast implants were obtained from patients with 23 and 27 years of post-mammoplasty. These biopsies were meticulously purified from biological impurities and subjected to analysis using IR spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The findings revealed the presence of polyacrylamide hydrogel residues, along with degradation products, within the infected material. Notably, the low-molecular-weight degradation products revealed via gas chromatography are aggressive and toxic substances capable of inducing chronic inflammation. This study sheds light on the long-term consequences of polyacrylamide hydrogel implantation, highlighting the persistence of harmful degradation products and their role in exacerbating patient complications.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules29143247