The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Pulmonary Vasculature of Intact Rats and Isolated Pulmonary Endothelium

We studied the effects of ionizing radiation on the morphology of the pulmonary circulation using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro pulmonary artery endothelial cell model. Gamma radiation was given as either an acute (30 Gy) or fractionated (5 × 6 Gy) dose to one hemithorax of rats. An acute 30-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Radiation research Vol. 111; no. 2; pp. 276 - 291
Main Authors:	Kwock, Lester, Davenport, W. Clark, Clark, Richard L., Zarembra, Jan, Lingle, Betty, Chaney, Edward L., Friedman, Mitchell
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oak Brook, Il Academic Press, Inc 01-08-1987 Radiation Research Society
Subjects:	Animals Barium Biological and medical sciences Blood vessels Cardiovascular system Cells, Cultured Cultured cells Dose fractionation Endothelial cells Endothelium - pathology Endothelium - radiation effects Injuries of the thorax. Foreign bodies. Diseases due to physical agents Irradiation Lung - blood supply Lung - diagnostic imaging Lung - radiation effects Lungs Medical sciences Microcirculation - diagnostic imaging Microcirculation - pathology Microcirculation - radiation effects Perfusion Pulmonary Circulation - radiation effects Radiation dosage Radiation Injuries, Experimental - pathology Radiation Injuries, Experimental - physiopathology Radiography Radionuclide Imaging Rats Rats, Inbred Strains Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents Pathology Vertebrata Experimental disease Ionizing radiation Mammalia Rat Pulmonary vessel Rodentia Radiation injury Cardiovascular disease Pulmonary vascular disease In vitro
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Summary:	We studied the effects of ionizing radiation on the morphology of the pulmonary circulation using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro pulmonary artery endothelial cell model. Gamma radiation was given as either an acute (30 Gy) or fractionated (5 × 6 Gy) dose to one hemithorax of rats. An acute 30-Gy dose delivered resulted in a 70% decrease in pulmonary arterial perfusion, using technetium-99m microaggregated albumin (^{99{\rm m}}{\rm Tc}\text{-}{\rm MAA}$), in the irradiated lung by 2-3 weeks after irradiation. Pulmonary microradiographs, using a barium sulfate perfusion method, obtained 2-3 weeks after irradiation demonstrated widespread loss of capillary filling and segmentation of the vessels. Histologic examination demonstrated intact capillaries, suggesting that the alterations in pulmonary perfusion were at the precapillary level. Similar abnormalities in lung perfusion and morphology were found after delivery of fractionated doses of radiation, but the onset of the changes was delayed, occurring 4-6 weeks postirradiation. Using cultured pulmonary endothelial cell monolayers, cell sloughing and retraction from the surface substrate were observed within 24 h after in vitro delivery of 30 Gy. Similar findings occurred in monolayers given fractionated doses (5 × 6 Gy) of radiation 2-3 days after the final dose. The in vivo animal and in vitro endothelial cell models offer a useful means of examining the morphologic alterations involved in radiation lung vascular damage.
ISSN:	0033-7587 1938-5404
DOI:	10.2307/3576985