Microbiome and PCOS: State-of-Art and Future Aspects

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disease. The hypothesis that alterations in the microbiome are involved in the genesis of PCOS has been postulated. Aim of this review is to summarize the available literature data about the relationship between microbiome and...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 4; p. 2048
Main Authors:	Giampaolino, Pierluigi, Foreste, Virginia, Di Filippo, Claudia, Gallo, Alessandra, Mercorio, Antonio, Serafino, Paolo, Improda, Francesco Paolo, Verrazzo, Paolo, Zara, Giuseppe, Buonfantino, Cira, Borgo, Maria, Riemma, Gaetano, Angelis, Chiara De, Zizolfi, Brunella, Bifulco, Giuseppe, Della Corte, Luigi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI 19-02-2021 MDPI AG
Subjects:	Animals Diet Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome Genitalia, Female - microbiology Hormones - metabolism Humans Insulin Resistance microbiome PCOS Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - microbiology Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - therapy Review sexual hormones therapeutic strategies PCOS insulin-resistance microbiome sexual hormones therapeutic strategies
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine disease. The hypothesis that alterations in the microbiome are involved in the genesis of PCOS has been postulated. Aim of this review is to summarize the available literature data about the relationship between microbiome and PCOS. A search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed from inception to November 20Most of evidence has focused on the connection of intestinal bacteria with sex hormones and insulin-resistance: while in the first case, a relationship with hyperandrogenism has been described, although it is still unclear, in the second one, chronic low-grade inflammation by activating the immune system, with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines which interfere with insulin receptor function, causing IR (Insulin Resistance)/hyperinsulinemia has been described, as well as the role of gastrointestinal hormones like Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY), bile acids, interleukin-22 and Bacteroides vulgatus have been highlighted. The lower genital tract microbiome would be affected by changes in PCOS patients too. The therapeutic opportunities include probiotic, prebiotics and synbiotics, as well as fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of IL-22, to date only in animal models, as a possible future drug. Current evidence has shown the involvement of the gut microbiome in PCOS, seen how humanized mice receiving a fecal transplant from women with PCOS develop ovarian dysfunction, immune changes and insulin resistance and how it is capable of disrupting the secondary bile acid biosynthesis. A future therapeutic approach for PCOS may involve the human administration of IL-22 and bile acid glycodeoxycholic acid.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms22042048