Gal4-Gene-Dependent Alterations of Embryo Development and Cell Growth in Primary Culture of Sea Urchins

Primary cell cultures from sea urchins have a low proliferative level that prevents the establishment of long-term cultures. To increase expression levels of the genes regulating cell growth in sea urchins, and thus enhance cell growth, we used the transcriptional activator gene Gal4 found earlier i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 4; no. 5; pp. 480 - 486
Main Authors:	Bulgakov, V. P, Odintsova, N. A, Plotnikov, S. V, Kiselev, K. V, Zacharov, E. V, Zhuravlev, Y. N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Springer-Verlag 01-10-2002 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Animal embryos Biotechnology Blastula Cell culture Cell growth Cell number Cells Cultivation Cultures Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA biosynthesis Echinoidea embryogenesis Embryos GAL4 gene Gene expression genes Marine Marine invertebrates Nucleotide sequence PCR Plasmids Polymerase chain reaction reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA-directed DNA polymerase Sea urchins Structures Synthesis Teratoma Transcription Yeast Yeasts
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Summary:	Primary cell cultures from sea urchins have a low proliferative level that prevents the establishment of long-term cultures. To increase expression levels of the genes regulating cell growth in sea urchins, and thus enhance cell growth, we used the transcriptional activator gene Gal4 found earlier in yeast. Sea urchin embryos were treated with plasmid DNA containing the Gal4 gene. Expression of the transgene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. When the fully functional gene was used, embryos effectively formed teratoma-like structures after 50 to 55 hours of cultivation. In contrast, the Gal4 gene, devoid of acidic activating regions, possessed little activity as a teratogen. The Gal4-treated cells in blastula-derived culture showed higher DNA synthesis and higher proliferative activity than control cells. We suggest that formation of the teratoma-like structures in embryos, activation of DNA synthesis, and significant increase of cell number in embryo-derived cell cultures could be attributed to Gal4 gene action.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-002-0036-7 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	1436-2228 1436-2236
DOI:	10.1007/s10126-002-0036-7