Characterization of novel calcium hydroxide‐mediated highly porous chitosan‐calcium scaffolds for potential application in dentin tissue engineering

Characterization of novel calcium hydroxide‐mediated highly porous chitosan‐calcium scaffolds for potential application in dentin tissue engineering

The aim of this study was to develop a highly porous calcium‐containing chitosan scaffold suitable for dentin regeneration. A calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) suspension was used to modulate the degree of porosity and chemical composition of chitosan scaffolds. The chitosan solution concentration and fre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Vol. 108; no. 6; pp. 2546 - 2559
Main Authors: Soares, Diana Gabriela, Bordini, Ester Alves Ferreira, Cassiano, Fernanda Balestrero, Bronze‐Uhle, Erika Soares, Pacheco, Leandro Edgar, Zabeo, Giovana, Hebling, Josimeri, Lisboa‐Filho, Paulo Noronha, Bottino, Marco Cicero, Souza Costa, Carlos Alberto
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-08-2020
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium ions
Chemical composition
Chitosan
Cytoplasm
Degradability
Dental pulp
Dentin
Fabrication
Freezing
Glutaraldehyde
Imines
Infrared spectroscopy
Materials research
Materials science
Porosity
porous scaffolds
Regeneration
Scaffolds
Scanning electron microscopy
Slaked lime
Spectrum analysis
Substrates
Tissue engineering
calcium hydroxide
chitosan
dental pulp
dentin
porous scaffolds
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Summary:The aim of this study was to develop a highly porous calcium‐containing chitosan scaffold suitable for dentin regeneration. A calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) suspension was used to modulate the degree of porosity and chemical composition of chitosan scaffolds. The chitosan solution concentration and freezing protocol were adjusted to optimize the porous architecture using the phase‐separation technique. Scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated the fabrication of a highly porous calcium‐linked chitosan scaffold (CH‐Ca), with a well‐organized and interconnected porous network. Scaffolds were cross‐linked on glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor. Following a 28‐day incubation in water, cross‐linked CH scaffold had no changes on humid mass, and CH‐Ca featured a controlled degradability profile since the significant humid mass loss was observed only after 21 (26.0%) and 28 days (42.2%). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the establishment of Schiff base on cross‐linked scaffolds, along with calcium complexation for CH‐Ca. Cross‐linked CH‐Ca scaffold featured a sustained Ca2+ release up to 21 days in a humid environment. This porous and stable architecture allowed for human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) to spread throughout the scaffold, with cells exhibiting a widely stretched cytoplasm; whereas, the cells seeded onto CH scaffold were organized in clusters. HDPCs seeded onto CH‐Ca featured significantly higher ALP activity, and gene expressions for ALP, Col1, DMP‐1, and DSPP in comparison to CH, leading to a significant 3.5 times increase in calcium‐rich matrix deposition. In sum, our findings suggest that CH‐Ca scaffolds are attractive candidates for creating a highly porous and bioactive substrate for dentin tissue engineering.
Bibliography:Funding information
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Grant/Award Number: 2016/15674‐5; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: 001
ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1552-4973
1552-4981
DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.34586