A high-salt/high fat diet alters circadian locomotor activity and glucocorticoid synthesis in mice

Salt is an essential nutrient; however, excessive salt intake is a prominent public health concern worldwide. Various physiological functions are associated with circadian rhythms, and disruption of circadian rhythms is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and immune disease....

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 15; no. 5; p. e0233386
Main Authors:	Yokoyama, Yoko, Nakamura, Takahiro J, Yoshimoto, Karen, Ijyuin, Honoka, Tachikawa, Naoyuki, Oda, Haruka, Shiraishi, Rena, Shinohara, Kaori, Kumadaki, Kayo, Honda, Shiori, Nakamura, Anna, Kitamura, Naho, Tsubota, Kazuo, Watanabe, Mitsuhiro
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 21-05-2020 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adrenal glands Biochemistry Biological clocks Biology and Life Sciences Cardiovascular diseases Circadian rhythm Circadian rhythms Clock gene Diet Diseases Diurnal Experiments Gene expression Genes Glucocorticoids Health aspects Health risks High fat diet Hormones Immunological diseases Kinases Laboratories Locomotor activity Medicine and Health Sciences Nutrients Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Physiology Poetic techniques Protein synthesis Proteins Public health Public health movements Regulators Risk analysis Risk factors Salt Salts Sodium (Nutrient) Studies Japan
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Summary:	Salt is an essential nutrient; however, excessive salt intake is a prominent public health concern worldwide. Various physiological functions are associated with circadian rhythms, and disruption of circadian rhythms is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and immune disease. Certain nutrients are vital regulators of peripheral circadian clocks. However, the role of a high-fat and high-salt (HFS) diet in the regulation of circadian gene expression is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an HFS diet on rhythms of locomotor activity, caecum glucocorticoid secretion, and clock gene expression in mice. Mice administered an HFS diet displayed reduced locomotor activity under normal light/dark and constant dark conditions in comparison with those administered a normal diet. The diurnal rhythm of caecum glucocorticoid secretion and the expression levels of glucocorticoid-related genes and clock genes in the adrenal gland were disrupted with an HFS diet. These results suggest that an HFS diet alters locomotor activity, disrupts circadian rhythms of glucocorticoid secretion, and downregulates peripheral adrenal gland circadian clock genes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0233386