Composition of heavy metals in indoor dust and their possible exposure: a case study of preschool children in Malaysia

Composition of heavy metals in indoor dust and their possible exposure: a case study of preschool children in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe and Cr) at ten preschools in Selangor, Malaysia. Dust samples from the interior of classrooms and surface soils were collected using soft paint brushes while Kimwipes were used to collect samples of dust from i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Air quality, atmosphere and health Vol. 7; no. 2; pp. 181 - 193
Main Authors: Latif, Mohd Talib, Yong, Saw Mei, Saad, Azlina, Mohamad, Noorlin, Baharudin, Nor Hafizah, Mokhtar, Mazlin Bin, Tahir, Norhayati Mohd
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-06-2014
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Air pollution
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Cadmium
Case studies
Cellulose acetate
Classrooms
Dust
Earth and Environmental Science
Educational technology
Environment
Environmental Health
Environmental studies
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Heavy metals
Indoor air quality
Indoor environments
Lead
Mass spectrometry
Metal concentrations
Metals
Outdoor activities
Outdoors
Pollutants
Preschool children
Roads & highways
Schools
Science
Scientific imaging
Soil surfaces
Zinc
Selangor Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia, Malaya, Selangor
Surface soils
Interior walls
Preschools
Heavy metals
Indoor dust
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Summary:The aim of this study is to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe and Cr) at ten preschools in Selangor, Malaysia. Dust samples from the interior of classrooms and surface soils were collected using soft paint brushes while Kimwipes were used to collect samples of dust from interior walls and children’s palms. Heavy metals in the dust samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of the selected heavy metals in the indoor dust were dominated by Fe with a concentration of 4,801 ± 1,873 μgg −1 followed by Pb > Zn > Cr and Cd with concentration of 253.5 ± 83.2, 144.9 ± 73.4, 11.9 ± 6.8 and 0.23 ± 0.10 μgg −1 , respectively. Fe also had the highest concentration of all the heavy metals investigated in the samples taken of soil dust (8,225 ± 6,800 μgg −1 ), the interior walls (1,865 ± 756 μgm −2 ) and children’s palms (3,882 ± 3,401 μgm −2 ). Using enrichment factor (EF) analyses, Pb, Zn and Cd in the indoor dust were found contributed by anthropogenic factors while the same was true for Zn, Cd and Cr in the indoor wall and children’s palm samples.
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ISSN:1873-9318
1873-9326
DOI:10.1007/s11869-013-0224-9