Early Xenopus gene regulatory programs, chromatin states, and the role of maternal transcription factors

For decades, the early development of the Xenopus embryo has been an essential model system to study the gene regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular specification. At the top of the hierarchy of gene regulatory networks, maternally deposited transcription factors initiate this process and regula...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Current topics in developmental biology Vol. 139; p. 35
Main Authors:	Paraiso, Kitt D, Cho, Jin S, Yong, Junseok, Cho, Ken W Y
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 2020
Subjects:	Animals Chromatin - genetics Chromatin - metabolism Embryo, Nonmammalian - cytology Embryo, Nonmammalian - embryology Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Regulatory Networks Maternal Inheritance - genetics Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Xenopus - classification Xenopus - embryology Xenopus - genetics Xenopus laevis - embryology Xenopus laevis - genetics Xenopus Proteins - genetics Xenopus Proteins - metabolism Xenopus Enhancers Zygotic genome activation Gene regulatory network Feed forward loop Germ layers Maternal transcription factors Promoters Cis-regulatory modules
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Summary:	For decades, the early development of the Xenopus embryo has been an essential model system to study the gene regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular specification. At the top of the hierarchy of gene regulatory networks, maternally deposited transcription factors initiate this process and regulate the expression of zygotic genes that give rise to three distinctive germ layer cell types (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), and subsequent generation of organ precursors. The onset of germ layer specification is also closely coupled with changes associated with chromatin modifications. This review will examine the timing of maternal transcription factors initiating the zygotic genome activation, the epigenetic landscape of embryonic chromatin, and the network structure that governs the process.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1557-8933 1557-8933
DOI:	10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.02.009