Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum to control downy mildew disease in sunflower under field conditions based on changes in the metabolite profiles of roots

Two years of field testing were conducted in naturally Plasmopara halstedii -infested soils to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolate (TRIC8) against downy mildew ( P. halstedii ) on sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). Seed treatment with this antagonist offered protection of 73.64%...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BioControl (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 191 - 206
Main Authors:	Özer, Nuray, Şabudak, Temine, Kılıç, Tuğba Hilal, Evci, Göksel, Yılmaz, Mehmet İbrahim
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-04-2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Agricultural research Agriculture Airborne microorganisms Alcohols Aldehydes Alkanes Animal Biochemistry Animal Ecology Behavioral Sciences Benzaldehyde Biomedical and Life Sciences Disease control Dotriacontane Downy mildew Entomology Enzymes Ethanol Experiments Fatty acids Fungi Fungicides Gas chromatography Helianthus annuus Infections Ketones Life Sciences Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Metabolism Metabolites Metalaxyl NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Oils & fats Pathogens Phenols Plant diseases Plant Pathology Principal components analysis Research centers Respiratory distress syndrome Roots Sea level Seed treatments Seeds Sunflowers Trichoderma harzianum Weather Turkey Sunflower Root metabolites Field experiment Principal components
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Summary:	Two years of field testing were conducted in naturally Plasmopara halstedii -infested soils to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolate (TRIC8) against downy mildew ( P. halstedii ) on sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). Seed treatment with this antagonist offered protection of 73.64% in the first year. The effects of this treatment on oil content of the seeds and metabolite profiles of roots, along with disease severity, were evaluated in the second year by comparing to the fungicide treatment (Metalaxyl M). Oil content in seeds and metabolite profile in roots were studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. TRIC8 and fungicide treatments were found to cause significantly lower disease severity when compared to that of the control, although weather conditions were more favorable for the disease in the second year than in the first year. The oil content in seeds with TRIC8 treatment was superior to that in seeds with fungicide treatment or control. The metabolites in roots from treated plants and disease severity were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). TRIC8 treatment increased the accumulation of some alcohols [2-ethyl-2-methyltridecan-1-ol, 2-(propylamino)ethanol], aldehydes [2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)benzaldehyde, dodecanal], alkanes (dotriacontane, eicosane, heneicosane, nonacosane, nonylcyclopropane, tetracontane, tetracosane), ketones [(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenylmethanone, (4-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone], an ester (6-ethyloctan-3-yl 6-bromohexanoate) and a terpene (falcarinol), which were among the metabolites that contributed over 0.70 in PC1 and were negatively correlated with disease severity. We suggest these metabolites might be involved in defense response of sunflower against P. halstedii in the field.
ISSN:	1386-6141 1573-8248
DOI:	10.1007/s10526-023-10190-w