Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Studies of WRKY Transcription Factors in Nelumbo nucifera

The WRKY family is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants and plays central roles in modulating plant stress responses and developmental processes, as well as secondary metabolic regulations. Lotus ( ) is an aquatic crop that has significant food, ornamental and pharmacologi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 20; p. 5006
Main Authors:	Li, Jing, Xiong, Yacen, Li, Yi, Ye, Shiqi, Yin, Qi, Gao, Siqi, Yang, Dong, Yang, Mei, Palva, E Tapio, Deng, Xianbao
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 10-10-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Amino acids Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - classification Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Benzylisoquinolines - metabolism Biosynthesis Cyclopentanes DNA-Binding Proteins - classification DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism evolution Evolution, Molecular Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Genome, Plant - genetics Genomes Homology Jasmonic acid lotus Nelumbo - genetics Nelumbo - metabolism Nelumbo nucifera Oxylipins Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant Breeding Plant Proteins - classification Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - isolation & purification Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant stress Proteins Submergence transcription factor Transcription factors Transcription Factors - classification Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - isolation & purification Transcription Factors - metabolism wrky China WRKY benzylisoquinoline alkaloids transcription factor evolution Lotus
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Summary:	The WRKY family is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants and plays central roles in modulating plant stress responses and developmental processes, as well as secondary metabolic regulations. Lotus ( ) is an aquatic crop that has significant food, ornamental and pharmacological values. Here, we performed an overview analysis of WRKY TF family members in lotus, and studied their functions in environmental adaptation and regulation of lotus benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis. A total of 65 genes were identified in the lotus genome and they were well clustered in a similar pattern with their homologs in seven groups (designated I, IIa-IIe, and III), although no lotus WRKY was clustered in the group IIIa. Most lotus WRKYs were functionally paired, which was attributed to the recently occurred whole genome duplication in lotus. In addition, lotus were regulated dramatically by salicilic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and submergence treatments, and two lotus WRKYs, NnWRKY40a and NnWRKY40b, were significantly induced by JA and promoted lotus BIA biosynthesis through activating BIA biosynthetic genes. The investigation of WRKY TFs for this basal eudicot reveals new insights into the evolution of the family, and provides fundamental information for their functional studies and lotus breeding.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms20205006