Effect of Irrigation and Cultivation Modes on Growth, Physiology, Rice Yield Parameters and Water Footprints

Effect of Irrigation and Cultivation Modes on Growth, Physiology, Rice Yield Parameters and Water Footprints

Under the background of the worsening global food and water crisis, efficient agricultural practices have become increasingly important. This study investigated the impact of different irrigation and cultivation modes on rice growth parameters, gas exchange, rice yield components, and water footprin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 1747
Main Authors: Zhang, Shuxuan, Rasool, Ghulam, Wang, Shou, Guo, Xiangping, Zhao, Zhengfeng, Zhang, Yiwen, Wei, Zhejun, Xia, Qibing
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-08-2024
Subjects:
Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Analysis
China
Crop yield
Crop yields
Crops
Cultivation
cultivation mode
Drainage
Drought
Efficiency
Floods
Food
Footprint analysis
Gas exchange
Grain cultivation
Growth
Irrigation
Irrigation effects
Irrigation efficiency
Lodging
lodging coefficient
oryza sativa yield
Parameters
Physiology
Precipitation
Rain
Rice
Water
Water conservation
Water consumption
Water crises
water footprints
Water resources
Water shortages
Water use
water use efficiency
China
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Summary:Under the background of the worsening global food and water crisis, efficient agricultural practices have become increasingly important. This study investigated the impact of different irrigation and cultivation modes on rice growth parameters, gas exchange, rice yield components, and water footprints in Jiangsu, China. Four treatments were employed in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) transplanted rice with frequent shallow irrigation (T-FSI), (ii) transplanted rice with rain-catching and controlled irrigation (T-RCCI), (iii) direct-seeded rice with frequent shallow irrigation (D-FSI), (iv) and direct-seeded rice with rain-catching and controlled irrigation (D-RCCI). The results revealed that the D-RCCI treatment significantly improved growth and physiological parameters. The D-FSI treatment drastically increased rice yield whereas T-RCCI increased the stem bending resistance and reduced lodging risk. The water footprint analysis showed significant water savings by optimized management practices. Compared to T-FSI, the T-RCCI, D-FSI, and D-RCCI treatments reduced the blue-green water footprint by 33%, 25%, and 25%, respectively. Additionally, water production efficiency increased by 13%, 106%, and 154% for T-RCCI, D-FSI, and D-RCCI respectively. The water footprint per unit yield of T-RCCI, D-FSI, and D-RCCI treatments was significantly reduced by 12%, 5,3%, and 63% compared to T-FSI. Overall, D-RCCI is the optimal strategy for rice cultivation in Jiangsu province and similar climatic areas due to its positive impact on yield, water savings, and environmental benefits.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy14081747