Polyenic Antibiotics and Other Antifungal Compounds Produced by Hemolytic Streptomyces Species

are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. They may thrive on their own in the soil, or associate with other organisms, such as plants or invertebrates. Some soil-derived strains exhibit he...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 23; p. 15045
Main Authors:	Bobek, Jan, Filipová, Eliška, Bergman, Natalie, Čihák, Matouš, Petříček, Miroslav, Lara, Ana Catalina, Kristufek, Vaclav, Megyes, Melinda, Wurzer, Theresa, Chroňáková, Alica, Petříčková, Kateřina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 30-11-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Actinomycetales Agar Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotics Antifungal agents Antifungal Agents - chemistry Antifungal Agents - pharmacology Antiinfectives and antibacterials Bacteria Blood Fungicides Hemolysis Humans Literature reviews Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Membranes Metabolites Pharmaceutical industry Phylogenetics Plant bacterial diseases polyene antibiotics Polyenes - chemistry Polyenes - pharmacology Secondary metabolites Soil bacteria Soil microorganisms Streptomyces Streptomyces - chemistry symbiosis Tetrafungin Virulence Virulence factors Virulence Factors - metabolism Hungary Czech Republic Papua New Guinea Actinomycetales secondary metabolites soil ecosystem symbiosis Streptomyces polyene antibiotics hemolysis
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Summary:	are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. They may thrive on their own in the soil, or associate with other organisms, such as plants or invertebrates. Some soil-derived strains exhibit hemolytic properties when cultivated on blood agar, raising the question of whether hemolysis could be a virulence factor of the bacteria. In this work we examined hemolytic compound production in 23 β-hemolytic isolates; of these 12 were soil-derived, 10 were arthropod-associated, and 1 was plant-associated. An additional human-associated sp. TR1341 served as a control. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested synthesis of polyene molecules responsible for the hemolysis: candicidins, filipins, strevertene A, tetrafungin, and tetrin A, as well as four novel polyene compounds (denoted here as polyene A, B, C, and D) in individual liquid cultures or paired co-cultures. The non-polyene antifungal compounds actiphenol and surugamide A were also identified. The findings indicate that the ability of to produce cytolytic compounds (here manifested by hemolysis on blood agar) is an intrinsic feature of the bacteria in the soil environment and could even serve as a virulence factor when colonizing available host organisms. Additionally, a literature review of polyenes and non-polyene hemolytic metabolites produced by is presented.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms232315045