Rebound Coagulopathy in Patients With Snakebite Presenting With Marked Initial Coagulopathy

Objective An estimated 70% of patients with pit viper snakebites require antivenom to treat serious complications such as coagulopathy. Evidence-based guidance is limited for the appropriate administration of Crotalinae Polyvalent Immune Fab (FabAV) and the duration of laboratory follow-up. The obje...

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Published in:	Wilderness & environmental medicine Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 211 - 215
Main Authors:	Witham, Willam R., McNeill, Cathy, Patel, Sunny
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Los Angeles, CA Elsevier Inc 01-06-2015 SAGE Publications
Subjects:	Aged Animals Antivenins - therapeutic use Blood Coagulation Disorders - etiology Blood Coagulation Disorders - pathology coagulopathy Crotalinae Emergency envenomation FabAV Female Fibrinogen - metabolism Humans hypersensitivity Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments - therapeutic use International Normalized Ratio Middle Aged Platelet Count Retrospective Studies Snake Bites - complications Snake Bites - drug therapy Crotalinae hypersensitivity coagulopathy FabAV envenomation
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Summary:	Objective An estimated 70% of patients with pit viper snakebites require antivenom to treat serious complications such as coagulopathy. Evidence-based guidance is limited for the appropriate administration of Crotalinae Polyvalent Immune Fab (FabAV) and the duration of laboratory follow-up. The objective of our study was to assess the incidence of marked and recurrent envenomation coagulopathy at our trauma center and identify practice patterns that may prevent serious complications. Methods A retrospective case review was conducted over a 3-year period on patients treated for symptomatic snakebite injury. Case records were reviewed for the inclusion criteria of international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 2.0. The exclusion criterion was limited to patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Results In all, 61 patients were identified on retrospective chart review and 3 patients (4.9%) met inclusion criteria. Two of the 3 patients had marked rebound coagulopathy requiring readmission and additional treatment. In our small series, 2 patients presenting after crotaline envenomation with increased INR (>6.0), decreased fibrinogen (<60 mg/dL), and decreased platelet count (<100,000/mL) had recurrent coagulopathy and were asymptomatic, and recurrence was noted only with follow-up laboratory testing. All patients responded positively within a matter of hours to repeat FabAV administration, with resolution of rebound coagulopathy. Conclusions We recommend periodic monitoring of patients with increased INR, decreased fibrinogen, and decreased platelet count. Patients should be monitored for 10 to 14 days after envenomation to identify asymptomatic rebound coagulopathy. Prompt readministration of FabAV appears to correct the coagulopathy.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1080-6032 1545-1534
DOI:	10.1016/j.wem.2014.11.019