Mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in 2 psittacines

A unilateral, malformed gnathotheca in a green-winged macaw (Ara chloropterus) was managed for 16 mo with periodic beak trims. Biopsy of the affected beak did not identify an underlying cause; however, at postmortem examination, a densely cellular neoplasm invaded the mandible from the beak, dissect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 344 - 347
Main Authors:	Halley, Morgan A., Stilwell, Justin M., Comolli, Jessica R., Wilkinson, Stacey L., Reavill, Drury R., Divers, Stephen, Mayer, Joerg, Rissi, Daniel R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-03-2020
Subjects:	Animals Bird Diseases - diagnosis Bird Diseases - pathology Brief Communications Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnosis Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - veterinary Female Male Mandible - pathology Mouth Neoplasms - diagnosis Mouth Neoplasms - pathology Mouth Neoplasms - veterinary Parrots mandible macaws black-headed caiques squamous cell carcinoma
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Summary:	A unilateral, malformed gnathotheca in a green-winged macaw (Ara chloropterus) was managed for 16 mo with periodic beak trims. Biopsy of the affected beak did not identify an underlying cause; however, at postmortem examination, a densely cellular neoplasm invaded the mandible from the beak, dissecting and effacing the cortex and trabecular bone and inciting periosteal proliferation. There was no evidence of metastasis. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, consistent with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A black-headed caique (Pionites melanocephalus) was presented with a similar clinical history, timeline, and gross appearance. Biopsy of the mandibular portion of the lesion resulted in a diagnosis of SCC. Medical management with toceranib at a palliative dose resulted in adverse side effects and was discontinued. Early diagnosis of mandibular SCC may allow for early intervention and development of treatment modalities. Our 2 cases suggest that the mandibular bone, not the beak, may be a preferred biopsy site in the diagnosis of mandibular SCC in psittacines.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3 These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	1040-6387 1943-4936
DOI:	10.1177/1040638720906451