Fate and Stability of Nonextractable Residues of [14C]PAH in Contaminated Soils under Environmental Stress Conditions

It has been recognized during recent years that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may form nonextractable residues in soil and that this process may be stimulated by microbial activities. To use that process intentionally for soil bioremediation, one must ensure that the formed nonextractable P...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental science & technology Vol. 32; no. 17; pp. 2585 - 2590
Main Authors:	Eschenbach, Annette, Wienberg, Reinhard, Mahro, Bernd
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01-09-1998
Subjects:	Applied sciences AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BIODECONTAMINACION Biodegradation Biological and physicochemical properties of pollutants. Interaction in the soil BIOREMEDIATION Contamination Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental impact Environmental protection Exact sciences and technology HIDROCARBUROS AROMATICOS Hydrocarbons HYDROCARBURE AROMATIQUE POLLUTED SOIL Pollution Pollution, environment geology POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS RESIDU RESIDUES RESIDUOS Soil and sediments pollution Soils SOL POLLUE SUELO CONTAMINADO Anthracene Stability Hydrocarbon Physical dressing Pollutant behavior Carbon Isotopes Thawing Polycyclic aromatic compound EDTA Soil pollution Freezing Pyrene Naphthalene Decontamination Chemical treatment Biological treatment Carbon 14
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Summary:	It has been recognized during recent years that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may form nonextractable residues in soil and that this process may be stimulated by microbial activities. To use that process intentionally for soil bioremediation, one must ensure that the formed nonextractable PAH residues will not be released from the soil on the long run. The long-term stability of four different nonextractable [14C]PAH residues ([14C]naphthalene, [14C]anthracene, [14C]pyrene, and [14C]benzo[a]pyrene) was therefore monitored under different ecological stress conditions. It was found that a considerable fraction of the total [14C]PAH residues could be released as 14CO2 from the soil being partly due to a biogenic reduction of the nonextractable 14C residue fraction. The turnover of this fraction was comparable to the natural turnover rate for humic substances. Neither the addition of humus-degrading microorganisms nor a mechanical stress treatment of the soil structure by freezing and thawing led to a mobilization of the nonextractable [14C]PAH residues. However, a significant mobilization of the nonextractable 14C activity occurred when EDTA was added to the soil. The metal−organic soil complexes were destabilized by this complexing agent and released 14C activity that was attached to colloidal or dissolved organic matter.
Bibliography:	T01 1997080608 istex:003AFBD573209A14155C19FFD71619ACEF23921B ark:/67375/TPS-G5MHJ185-X ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0013-936X 1520-5851
DOI:	10.1021/es9708272