Pelargonium Oil and Methyl Hexaneamine (MHA): Analytical Approaches Supporting the Absence of MHA in Authenticated Pelargonium graveolens Plant Material and Oil

Methylhexaneamine (MHA) has been marketed in dietary supplements based on arguments that it is a constituent of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) leaves, stems, roots or oil, and therefore qualifies as a dietary ingredient. The purpose of this study is to determine whether P. graveolens plant materi...

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Published in:	Journal of analytical toxicology Vol. 36; no. 7; pp. 457 - 471
Main Authors:	ElSohly, Mahmoud A., Gul, Waseem, ElSohly, Kareem M., Murphy, Timothy P., Weerasooriya, Aroona, Chittiboyina, Amar G., Avula, Bharathi, Khan, Ikhlas, Eichner, Amy, Bowers, Larry D
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Niles, IL Oxford University Press 01-09-2012 Preston Publications
Subjects:	Amines - analysis Amines - chemistry Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Chemical industry and chemicals Dietary Supplements Essential oils, perfumes Exact sciences and technology Food industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods Geranium Geranium - chemistry Limit of Detection Oils, Volatile - analysis Oils, Volatile - chemistry Pelargonium Pelargonium - chemistry Pelargonium graveolens Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant Oils - analysis Plant Oils - chemistry Reproducibility of Results Research and development. New food products, dietetic foods and beverages Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods Washing products. Cosmetics and toiletries. Perfumes Tandem mass spectrometry Chemical analysis HPLC chromatography Derivatization Solvent extraction Electrospray Stem Sample preparation Dicotyledones Angiospermae Essential oil Acylation Quantitative analysis Food supplement Validation Aliphatic compound Liquid liquid extraction Coupled method Plant leaf Geraniaceae Gas chromatography Authentication Quality control Plant origin Spermatophyta Primary amine Mass spectrometry
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Summary:	Methylhexaneamine (MHA) has been marketed in dietary supplements based on arguments that it is a constituent of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) leaves, stems, roots or oil, and therefore qualifies as a dietary ingredient. The purpose of this study is to determine whether P. graveolens plant material (authenticated) or its oil contains detectable quantities of MHA. Two analytical methods were developed for the analysis of MHA in P. graveolens using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results were further confirmed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Twenty commercial volatile oils, three authenticated volatile oils and authenticated P. graveolens leaves and stems (young and mature, and fresh and dried) were analyzed for MHA content. In addition, three dietary supplements containing MHA that alleged P. graveolens as the source are analyzed for their MHA content. The data show that none of the authenticated P. graveolens essential oils or plant material, nor any commercial volatile oil of Pelargonium (geranium oil) contain MHA at detectable levels (limit of detection: 10 ppb). The dietary supplements that contained MHA as one of their ingredients (allegedly from geranium or geranium stems) contained large amounts of MHA. The amounts of MHA measured are incompatible with the use of reasonable amounts of P. graveolens extract or concentrate, suggesting that MHA was of synthetic origin.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0146-4760 1945-2403
DOI:	10.1093/jat/bks055