Search Results - "Watkins, L R"

Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain by WATKINS, L. R., MAIER, S. F.

“… Classically, the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are thought to operate independently of each other. This simplistic view has been…”
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Revisiting single cell analysis in forensic science by Watkins, Davis R. L., Myers, Dan, Xavier, Hannah E., Marciano, Michael A.

“…Forensic science has yet to take full advantage of single cell analysis. Its greatest benefit is the ability to alleviate the challenges associated with DNA…”
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DAT isn’t all that: cocaine reward and reinforcement require Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by Northcutt, A L, Hutchinson, M R, Wang, X, Baratta, M V, Hiranita, T, Cochran, T A, Pomrenze, M B, Galer, E L, Kopajtic, T A, Li, C M, Amat, J, Larson, G, Cooper, D C, Huang, Y, O'Neill, C E, Yin, H, Zahniser, N R, Katz, J L, Rice, K C, Maier, S F, Bachtell, R K, Watkins, L R

“…The initial reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, are largely attributed to their ability to activate the mesolimbic dopamine system…”
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Activation of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex during an uncontrollable stressor reproduces both the immediate and long-term protective effects of behavioral control by Amat, J, Paul, E, Watkins, L.R, Maier, S.F

“…Abstract The degree of behavioral control that an organism has over a stressor determines the behavioral and neurochemical sequelae of the stressor, with the…”
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The pain of being sick : Implications of immune-to-brain communication for understanding pain by WATKINS, L. R, MAIER, S. F

“…This review focuses on the powerful pain facilitatory effects produced by the immune system. Immune cells, activated in response to infection, inflammation, or…”
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Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement by Hutchinson, M R, Northcutt, A L, Hiranita, T, Wang, X, Lewis, S S, Thomas, J, van Steeg, K, Kopajtic, T A, Loram, L C, Sfregola, C, Galer, E, Miles, N E, Bland, S T, Amat, J, Rozeske, R R, Maslanik, T, Chapman, T R, Strand, K A, Fleshner, M, Bachtell, R K, Somogyi, A A, Yin, H, Katz, J L, Rice, K C, Maier, S F, Watkins, L R

“…Opioid action was thought to exert reinforcing effects solely via the initial agonism of opioid receptors. Here, we present evidence for an additional novel…”
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Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus by Maier, S F, Amat, J, Baratta, M V, Paul, E, Bland, S T, Watkins, L R

“…The degree of behavioral control that an organism has over a stressor is a potent modulator of the stressor's impact; uncontrollable stressors produce numerous…”
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An initial investigation of spinal mechanisms underlying pain enhancement induced by fractalkine, a neuronally released chemokine by Milligan, E., Zapata, V., Schoeniger, D., Chacur, M., Green, P., Poole, S., Martin, D., Maier, S. F., Watkins, L. R.

“…Fractalkine is a chemokine that is tethered to the extracellular surface of neurons. Fractalkine can be released, forming a diffusible signal. Spinal…”
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Spinal upregulation of glutamate transporter GLT-1 by ceftriaxone: therapeutic efficacy in a range of experimental nervous system disorders by Ramos, K.M, Lewis, M.T, Morgan, K.N, Crysdale, N.Y, Kroll, J.L, Taylor, F.R, Harrison, J.A, Sloane, E.M, Maier, S.F, Watkins, L.R

“…Abstract Glutamate neurotransmission is highly regulated, largely by glutamate transporters. In the spinal cord, the glutamate transporter GLT-1 is primarily…”
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Possible involvement of toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 activity of opioid inactive isomers causes spinal proinflammation and related behavioral consequences by Hutchinson, M.R, Lewis, S.S, Coats, B.D, Rezvani, N, Zhang, Y, Wieseler, J.L, Somogyi, A.A, Yin, H, Maier, S.F, Rice, K.C, Watkins, L.R

“…Abstract Opioid-induced glial activation and its proinflammatory consequences have been associated with both reduced acute opioid analgesia and the enhanced…”
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Behavioral control over shock blocks behavioral and neurochemical effects of later social defeat by Amat, J, Aleksejev, R.M, Paul, E, Watkins, L.R, Maier, S.F

“…Abstract Experience with behavioral control over tailshock (escapable shock, ES) has been shown to block the behavioral and neurochemical changes produced by…”
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Evidence that tricyclic small molecules may possess toll-like receptor and myeloid differentiation protein 2 activity by Hutchinson, M.R, Loram, L.C, Zhang, Y, Shridhar, M, Rezvani, N, Berkelhammer, D, Phipps, S, Foster, P.S, Landgraf, K, Falke, J.J, Rice, K.C, Maier, S.F, Yin, H, Watkins, L.R

“…Abstract Opioids have been discovered to have Toll-like receptor (TLR) activity, beyond actions at classical opioid receptors. This raises the question whether…”
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Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat by Watkins, L R, Martin, D, Ulrich, P, Tracey, K J, Maier, S F

“…Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of formalin induces a rapid and prolonged hyperalgesia across widespread areas of the body. This hyperalgesic state involves a…”
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA downregulation produced by social isolation is blocked by intrahippocampal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by Barrientos, R.M, Sprunger, D.B, Campeau, S, Higgins, E.A, Watkins, L.R, Rudy, J.W, Maier, S.F

“…Manipulations that increase the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus (e.g. peripheral administration of…”
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GLIA: A novel drug discovery target for clinical pain by Watkins, Linda R, Maier, Steven F

“…In many clinical pain syndromes, painful sensations are greatly amplified so that normally innocuous sensations, such as light touch or warmth, are perceived…”
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Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin by Tracey, Kevin J, Borovikova, Lyudmila V, Ivanova, Svetlana, Zhang, Minghuang, Yang, Huan, Botchkina, Galina I, Watkins, Linda R, Wang, Haichao, Abumrad, Naji, Eaton, John W

“…Vertebrates achieve internal homeostasis during infection or injury by balancing the activities of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Endotoxin…”
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Evidence for a role of heat shock protein-90 in toll like receptor 4 mediated pain enhancement in rats by Hutchinson, M.R, Ramos, K.M, Loram, L.C, Wieseler, J, Sholar, P.W, Kearney, J.J, Lewis, M.T, Crysdale, N.Y, Zhang, Y, Harrison, J.A, Maier, S.F, Rice, K.C, Watkins, L.R

“…Abstract Spinal cord microglial toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in enhancing neuropathic pain and opposing morphine analgesia. The present…”
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Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States by Watkins, Linda R, Maier, Steven F

“…Department of Psychology and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado Watkins, Linda R. and Steven F. Maier. Beyond…”
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The role of IL-1β in stress-induced sensitization of proinflammatory cytokine and corticosterone responses by Johnson, J.D, O'Connor, K.A, Watkins, L.R, Maier, S.F

“…Proinflammatory cytokines often sensitize neuronal, hormonal, and behavioral responses to subsequent challenge. Recently, it was observed that exposure to…”
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Cytokines for Psychologists: Implications of Bidirectional Immune-to-Brain Communication for Understanding Behavior, Mood, and Cognition by Maier, Steven F, Watkins, Linda R

“…The brain and immune system form a bidirectional communication network in which the immune system operates as a diffuse sense organ, informing the brain about…”
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