Mirror-symmetry violation in bound nuclear ground states

Mirror-symmetry violation in bound nuclear ground states

Conservation laws are deeply related to any symmetry present in a physical system 1 , 2 . Analogously to electrons in atoms exhibiting spin symmetries 3 , it is possible to consider neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus as projections of a single fermion with an isobaric spin (isospin) of t  = ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) Vol. 580; no. 7801; pp. 52 - 55
Main Authors: Hoff, D. E. M., Rogers, A. M., Wang, S. M., Bender, P. C., Brandenburg, K., Childers, K., Clark, J. A., Dombos, A. C., Doucet, E. R., Jin, S., Lewis, R., Liddick, S. N., Lister, C. J., Meisel, Z., Morse, C., Nazarewicz, W., Schatz, H., Schmidt, K., Soltesz, D., Subedi, S. K., Waniganeththi, S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-04-2020
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
639/766/387/1126
639/766/387/1129
Angular momentum
Broken symmetry
Bromine
Conservation
Conservation laws
Conservation laws (Physics)
Deformation
Electron spin
Energy
experimental nuclear physics
Fermions
Ground state
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Neutrons
NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Nuclear reactions
Nuclear research
Nuclei
Nuclei (nuclear physics)
Protons
Rubidium
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensors
Silicon
Strontium
Symmetry
theoretical nuclear physics
United States
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Summary:Conservation laws are deeply related to any symmetry present in a physical system 1 , 2 . Analogously to electrons in atoms exhibiting spin symmetries 3 , it is possible to consider neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus as projections of a single fermion with an isobaric spin (isospin) of t  = 1/2 (ref.  4 ). Every nuclear state is thus characterized by a total isobaric spin T and a projection T z —two quantities that are largely conserved in nuclear reactions and decays 5 , 6 . A mirror symmetry emerges from this isobaric-spin formalism: nuclei with exchanged numbers of neutrons and protons, known as mirror nuclei, should have an identical set of states 7 , including their ground state, labelled by their total angular momentum J and parity π . Here we report evidence of mirror-symmetry violation in bound nuclear ground states within the mirror partners strontium-73 and bromine-73. We find that a J   π  = 5/2 − spin assignment is needed to explain the proton-emission pattern observed from the T  = 3/2 isobaric-analogue state in rubidium-73, which is identical to the ground state of strontium-73. Therefore the ground state of strontium-73 must differ from its J   π  = 1/2 − mirror bromine-73. This observation offers insights into charge-symmetry-breaking forces acting in atomic nuclei. Observations of the decay of 73 Sr, when compared to its mirror nucleus 73 Br, indicate that the spin assignment of their ground states differ, demonstrating mirror-symmetry violation.
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National Science Foundation (NSF)
SC0013365; SC0008511; FG02-94ER40848; AC02-06CH11357; SC0018083; FG02-88ER40387; SC0019042; NA0003180; NA0000979; NA0003221; NA0003909; NA0002132; PHY-1-102511; PHY- 14-30152
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2123-1