Electrochemical control of cell death by reduction-induced intrinsic apoptosis and oxidation-induced necrosis on CoCrMo alloy in vitro

Electrochemical control of cell death by reduction-induced intrinsic apoptosis and oxidation-induced necrosis on CoCrMo alloy in vitro

Abstract Electrochemical voltage shifts in metallic biomedical implants occur in-vivo due to a number of processes including mechanically assisted corrosion. These excursions may compromise the biocompatibility of metallic implants. Voltages can also be controlled to modulate cell function and fate....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomaterials Vol. 33; no. 27; pp. 6295 - 6304
Main Authors: Haeri, Morteza, Wӧllert, Torsten, Langford, George M, Gilbert, Jeremy L
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2012
Subjects:
Advanced Basic Science
Alloys - pharmacology
Animals
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - drug effects
Caspase 3 - metabolism
Caspase 9 - metabolism
Cell Adhesion - drug effects
Cell death
Cell Line
Cell morphology
Cell Nucleus Size - drug effects
Cell Shape - drug effects
Cell Survival - drug effects
Cell viability
Chromium
Cobalt - pharmacology
Cobalt alloy
Corrosion
Culture Media - chemistry
Current density
Cytoskeleton - drug effects
Cytoskeleton - metabolism
Dentistry
Electric potential
Electricity
Electrochemistry - methods
Fluorescence
Ions
Mice
Models, Biological
Necrosis - pathology
Osteoblasts - cytology
Osteoblasts - drug effects
Osteoblasts - enzymology
Osteoblasts - ultrastructure
Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects
Surgical implants
Viability
Vitallium - pharmacology
Voltage
Cell viability
Corrosion
Cell morphology
Cobalt alloy
Apoptosis
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Summary:Abstract Electrochemical voltage shifts in metallic biomedical implants occur in-vivo due to a number of processes including mechanically assisted corrosion. These excursions may compromise the biocompatibility of metallic implants. Voltages can also be controlled to modulate cell function and fate. The in vitro effect of static voltages on the behavior of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts cultured on CoCrMo alloy (ASTM-1537) was studied to determine the range of cell viability and mode of cell death beyond the viable range. Cell viability and morphology, changes in actin cytoskeleton, adhesion complexes and nucleus, and mode of cell death (necrosis, or intrinsic or extrinsic apoptosis) were characterized at different voltages ranging from −1000 to +500 mV (Ag/AgCl). Moreover, electrochemical currents and metal ion concentrations at each voltage were measured and related to the observed responses. Results show that cathodic and anodic voltages outside the voltage viability range (−400 < V < +500) lead to primarily intrinsic apoptotic and necrotic cell death, respectively. Cell death is associated with cathodic current densities of 0.1 μA cm−2 and anodic current densities of 10 μA cm−2 . Significant increase in metallic ions (Co, Cr, Ni, Mo) was seen at +500 mV, and −1000 mV (Cr only) compared to open circuit potential. The number and total projected area of adhesion complexes was also lower on the polarized alloy ( p  < 0.05). These results show that reduction reactions on CoCrMo alloys leads to apoptosis of cells on the surface and may be a relevant mode of cell death for metallic implants in-vivo.
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ISSN:0142-9612
1878-5905
DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.054