Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Standard Pre-operative Imaging Reports Is Independently Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Death Following Carotid Endarterectomy

Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts are surrogates of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). WML severity as determined by trained radiologists predicts post-operative stroke or death in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). It is unknown whether routine pre-operative...

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Published in:	European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery Vol. 59; no. 6; pp. 872 - 880
Main Authors:	Timmerman, Nathalie, Rots, Marjolijn L., van Koeverden, Ian D., Haitjema, Saskia, van Laarhoven, Constance J.H.C.M., Vuurens, Annemiek M., den Ruijter, Hester M., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Kappelle, L.Jaap, de Kleijn, Dominique P.V., de Borst, Gert J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier B.V 01-06-2020
Subjects:	Carotid artery stenosis Carotid endarterectomy Cerebral small vessel disease Lacunar infarct White matter lesions White matter lesions Carotid endarterectomy Lacunar infarct Carotid artery stenosis Cerebral small vessel disease
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Summary:	Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts are surrogates of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). WML severity as determined by trained radiologists predicts post-operative stroke or death in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). It is unknown whether routine pre-operative brain imaging reports as part of standard clinical practice also predict short and long term risk of stroke and death after CEA. Consecutive patients from the Athero-Express biobank study that underwent CEA for symptomatic high degree stenosis between March 2002 and November 2014 were included. Pre-operative brain imaging (computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) reports were reviewed for reporting of SVD, defined as WMLs or any lacunar infarcts. The primary outcome was defined as any stroke or any cardiovascular death over three year follow up. The secondary outcome was defined as the 30 day peri-operative risk of stroke or cardiovascular death. A total of 1038 patients were included (34% women), of whom 659 (63.5%) had CT images and 379 (36.5%) MRI images available. Of all patients, 697 (67%) had SVD reported by radiologists. Patients with SVD had a higher three year risk of cardiovascular death than those without (6.5% vs. 2.1%, adjusted HR 2.52 [95% CI 1.12–5.67]; p = .026) but no association was observed for the three year risk of stroke (9.0% vs. 6.7%, for patients with SVD vs. those without, adjusted HR 1.24 [95% CI 0.76–2.02]; p = .395). No differences in 30 day peri-operative risk were observed for stroke (4.4% vs. 2.9%, for patients with vs. those without SVD; adjusted HR 1.49 [95% CI 0.73–3.05]; p = .28), and for the combined stroke/cardiovascular death risk (4.4% vs. 3.5%, adjusted HR 1.20 [95% CI 0.61–2.35]; p = .59). Presence of SVD in pre-operative brain imaging reports can serve as a predictor for the three year risk of cardiovascular death in symptomatic patients undergoing CEA but does not predict peri-operative or long term risk of stroke.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1078-5884 1532-2165
DOI:	10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.02.004