Application of the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test in Stroke: Ecological Validity and Performance Characteristics

Executive dysfunction predicts functional recovery post-stroke. However, traditional neuropsychological tests have limitations with this population due to required verbal response, complex motor response, and lengthy administration time. This study examined the ecological validity and performance ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical neuropsychologist Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 300 - 316
Main Authors:	Vordenberg, Jessica A., Barrett, John J., Doninger, Nicholas A., Contardo, Christopher P., Ozoude, Kingsley A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hove Routledge 17-02-2014 Psychology Press
Subjects:	Activities of Daily Living Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Brain - pathology Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test Disability Evaluation Executive Function Female Functional Independence Measure Functional outcomes Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Neurology Neuropsychological Tests Predictive Value of Tests Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychomotor Performance Psychopathology. Psychiatry Recovery of Function Reproducibility of Results Stroke Stroke - pathology Stroke - physiopathology Stroke - psychology Stroke Rehabilitation Techniques and methods Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system Human Nervous system diseases Stroke Executive function Functional Independence Measure Functional outcomes Neuropsychological test Cardiovascular disease Psychometrics Spatial ability Cognition Anticipation Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test Cerebral disorder Vascular disease Test validation Central nervous system disease Performance Cerebrovascular disease
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Summary:	Executive dysfunction predicts functional recovery post-stroke. However, traditional neuropsychological tests have limitations with this population due to required verbal response, complex motor response, and lengthy administration time. This study examined the ecological validity and performance characteristics of a relatively new measure of executive function, the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test, which does not place the aforementioned demands on these patients. A total of 57 ischemic stroke patients with frontal lobe and subcortical lesions were administered the Brixton, on average 2 weeks post-stroke, during inpatient rehabilitation and assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) upon discharge. Brixton performance was significantly correlated with the FIM Total and FIM Cognitive Subtotal at discharge but unrelated to FIM Motor Subtotal. After controlling for global ability measured by the RBANS, Brixton performance accounted for additional variance in predicting FIM Total score at discharge. Interestingly, patients with subcortical strokes in the thalamus and basal ganglia performed significantly worse than patients with strokes in the frontal cortex on the Brixton, supporting the role of subcortical structures in the frontal lobe circuitry and executive function. Based on the present findings, the Brixton is a sensitive measure conducive to the stroke population and has strong ecological validity for identifying cognitive functional outcomes post-stroke.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1385-4046 1744-4144
DOI:	10.1080/13854046.2014.881555