Mechanisms of action and efficacy of four isolates of the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima active against postharvest pathogens on apples

Mechanisms of action and efficacy of four isolates of the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima active against postharvest pathogens on apples

The mechanisms of action and efficacy of four isolates (GS37, GS88, GA102, and BIO126) of the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria sp., and Monilia sp., all postharvest pathogens of apple fruit, were studied in vitro and on apples, in controlled...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Postharvest biology and technology Vol. 24; no. 2; pp. 123 - 134
Main Authors: Spadaro, Davide, Vola, Rossana, Piano, Serenella, Gullino, Maria Lodovica
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York, NY Elsevier B.V 2002
Elsevier Science
Subjects:
Alternaria sp
Antagonism
Apple
Biocontrol
Biological and medical sciences
Biological control
Botrytis cinerea
Control
Food industries
Fruit and vegetable industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungal plant pathogens
Integrated Pest Management
Metschnikowia pulcherrima
Monilia sp
Penicillium expansum
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Postharvest rot
Storage
Integrated Pest Management
Penicillium expansum
Antagonism
Apple
Storage
Botrytis cinerea
Monilia sp
Alternaria sp
Metschnikowia pulcherrima
Postharvest rot
Biocontrol
Plant pathogen
Growth
Biological control
Rosaceae
Postharvest
Malus domestica
Spores
Fungi
Dicotyledones
Angiospermae
Ascomycetes
Mould
Fruit tree
Fungi Imperfecti
Antagonist
Intraspecific comparison
Mechanism of action
Integrated pest management
Thallophyta
Fruit
Treatment efficiency
Germination
Alternaria
Pest and disease control
Monilinia
Spermatophyta
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Summary:The mechanisms of action and efficacy of four isolates (GS37, GS88, GA102, and BIO126) of the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria sp., and Monilia sp., all postharvest pathogens of apple fruit, were studied in vitro and on apples, in controlled and semi-commercial conditions. An application of a cell suspension (10 8 cells per ml) of the antagonists in artificial wounds of apples reduced growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum after storage at 23 °C. A complete suppression of the pathogen was obtained against Monilia sp., stored at 23 °C, and against B. cinerea and P. expansum, stored at 4 °C. The results against Alternaria sp. were more variable. Applications of culture filtrates and autoclaved cells of the isolates were ineffective in reducing the diameter of the lesions on the fruit, supporting the hypothesis that living cells are necessary for biocontrol. In experiments of antagonism in vitro, on different solid substrates, a reduction in the mycelium growth of the pathogens resulted, so that, at least in vitro, the antagonists could produce some diffusible toxic metabolites. In co-cultivation in vitro on a synthetic medium, B. cinerea spore (10 5 ml −1) germination was completely inhibited by the presence of 10 8 cells of the antagonists, while culture filtrates and autoclaved suspensions were not able to reduce germination. Dipping boxes of apples cv. Golden delicious in a suspension of 10 7 antagonist cells per ml and storing for 8 months in controlled atmosphere at 1 °C, showed levels of control against B. cinerea and P. expansum similar to those from thiabendazole.
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content type line 23
ISSN:0925-5214
1873-2356
DOI:10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00172-7