Appliance-induced osteopenia of dentoalveolar bone in the rat: effect of reduced bone strains on serum bone markers and the multifunctional hormone leptin

To understand, in greater detail, the molecular mechanisms regulating the complex relationship between mechanical strain and alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic treatment, passive cross‐arch palatal springs were bonded to the maxillary molars of 6‐wk‐old rats, which were killed after 4 and 8...

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Published in:	European journal of oral sciences Vol. 121; no. 6; pp. 517 - 524
Main Authors:	Vinoth, Jayaseelan K., Patel, Kaval J., Lih, Wei-Song, Seow, Yian-San, Cao, Tong, Meikle, Murray C.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-12-2013
Subjects:	Acid Phosphatase - blood alkaline phosphatase Alkaline Phosphatase - blood Alveolar Process - metabolism Alveolar Process - pathology Amino Acids - blood Animals Biomarkers - blood Bone Diseases, Metabolic - etiology Bone Diseases, Metabolic - metabolism Bone Diseases, Metabolic - pathology Bone Resorption - metabolism Dentistry deoxypyridinoline crosslinks Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Isoenzymes - blood leptin Leptin - blood Male Orthodontic Appliances - adverse effects Osteocalcin - blood osteopenia Rats Rats, Wistar Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b osteopenia tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b alkaline phosphatase leptin deoxypyridinoline crosslinks
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Summary:	To understand, in greater detail, the molecular mechanisms regulating the complex relationship between mechanical strain and alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic treatment, passive cross‐arch palatal springs were bonded to the maxillary molars of 6‐wk‐old rats, which were killed after 4 and 8 d. Outcome measures included serum assays for markers of bone formation and resorption and for the multifunctional hormone leptin, and histomorphometry of the inter‐radicular bone. The concentration of the bone‐formation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly reduced at both time points in the appliance group, accompanied by a 50% reduction in inter‐radicular bone volume; however, osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) levels remained unaffected. Bone collagen deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks increased 2.3‐fold at 4 d only, indicating a transient increase in bone resorption; in contrast, the level of the osteoclast‐specific marker, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), was unchanged. Leptin levels closely paralleled ALP reductions at both time points, suggesting an important role in the mechanostat negative‐feedback loop required to normalize bone mass. These data suggest that an orthodontic appliance, in addition to remodeling the periodontal ligament (PDL)–bone interface, may exert unexpected side‐effects on the tooth‐supporting alveolar bone, and highlights the importance of recognizing that bone strains can have negative, as well as positive, effects on bone mass.
Bibliography:	Academic Research Fund of NUS - No. R222-000-029-112; No. R221-000-043-112 ark:/67375/WNG-ZP639VBC-J ArticleID:EOS12091 istex:DA0F2F8B7F5D26F883FAE08D8B4F1656614CE919 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0909-8836 1600-0722
DOI:	10.1111/eos.12091