Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF β) in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis: upregulation of VEGF without neovascularization

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in Lewis rats and B10.A mice by immunization with S-antigen (S-Ag) to study the potential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the β 1 and β 2 isoforms of transforming growth factor (TGF β1 and TGF β2 ) during the progression...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of neuroimmunology Vol. 89; no. 1; pp. 43 - 50
Main Authors:	Vinores, S.A., Chan, C.-C., Vinores, M.A., Matteson, D.M., Chen, Y.-S., Klein, D.A., Shi, A., Ozaki, H., Campochiaro, P.A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 14-08-1998
Subjects:	Animals Blood-Brain Barrier - immunology Blood-retinal barrier Endothelial Growth Factors - analysis Endothelial Growth Factors - immunology Endothelial Growth Factors - metabolism Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis Eye Proteins Female Immunization Ischemia - immunology Lymphokines - analysis Lymphokines - immunology Lymphokines - metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Neovascularization, Pathologic - immunology Rats Rats, Inbred Lew Retina Retina - chemistry Retina - immunology Retinal Artery - immunology Retinitis - immunology Retinitis - metabolism Retinol-Binding Proteins - immunology Retinol-Binding Proteins - pharmacology Transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta - analysis Transforming Growth Factor beta - immunology Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism Up-Regulation - immunology Uveitis - immunology Uveitis - metabolism Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Retina Transforming growth factor beta Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis Blood-retinal barrier Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:	Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in Lewis rats and B10.A mice by immunization with S-antigen (S-Ag) to study the potential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the β 1 and β 2 isoforms of transforming growth factor (TGF β1 and TGF β2 ) during the progression of the disease. VEGF has been implicated as an angiogenic factor in ischemic retinopathies; however, Lewis rats developing EAU have high levels of VEGF in the retina, but no neovascularization. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining for VEGF, TGF β1 and TGF β2 was performed on the retinas of Lewis rats developing EAU or with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. In rats immunized with S-antigen, a marked upregulation of VEGF was immunohistochemically visualized from the inner nuclear layer to the inner limiting membrane prior to blood-retinal barrier (BRB) failure and lymphocytic infiltration. VEGF is normally induced by hypoxia and its induction leads to neovascularization. Coincident with the increase in VEGF, there was increased immunoreactivity for TGF β1 and TGF β2 within the same layers of the retina. In contrast, rats with ischemic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization showed only a modest increase in VEGF immunoreactivity, which is largely confined to retinal ganglion cells and inner retinal vessels, and little or no increase in TGF β1 or TGF β2 . In addition, in mice developing EAU, which does not have an abrupt onset as it does in rats and may involve neovascularization, a comparable upregulation of VEGF in the inner retina to that seen in rats developing EAU occurs with no increase in TGF β1 or TGF β2 . Since TGF β can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, it is likely that an increase in TGF β may prevent VEGF from exerting its endothelial growth activity in the rat EAU model, but VEGF may be operative in inducing BRB failure. These data suggest that there is a complex interaction among growth factors in the retina and that retinal neovascularization may require an imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory factors.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0165-5728 1872-8421
DOI:	10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00075-7