Corn grain yield and 15N-fertilizer recovery as a function of urea sidedress timing

Best fertilizer management practices such as adopting the right N sidedress timing can reduce N losses by volatilization, thus, raising N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield. To evaluate ammonia (N-NH3 ) losses, N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield as a function of urea sidedress timing in corn, a...

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Published in:	Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências Vol. 90; no. 4; pp. 3299 - 3312
Main Authors:	Schoninger, Evandro L, Villalba, Hugo A González, Bendassolli, José Albertino, Trivelin, Paulo Cesar O
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Brazil Academia Brasileira de Ciências 01-10-2018
Subjects:	15N isotope Agriculture - methods Ammonia - administration & dosage Ammonia - analysis Ammonia - chemistry Fertilizers MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Nitrogen fertilization Nitrogen Isotopes - administration & dosage Nitrogen Isotopes - analysis Nitrogen Isotopes - chemistry Nitrogen volatilization Random Allocation Seasons Time Factors Urea - metabolism Volatilization Zea mays Zea mays - drug effects Zea mays - growth & development Nitrogen fertilization Zea mays Nitrogen volatilization 15N isotope
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Summary:	Best fertilizer management practices such as adopting the right N sidedress timing can reduce N losses by volatilization, thus, raising N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield. To evaluate ammonia (N-NH3 ) losses, N-fertilizer recovery and grain yield as a function of urea sidedress timing in corn, a field study was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons, adopting a complete randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of urea sidedress timing (140 kg N ha-1) at V4, V6, V8, V10, and V12 growth stages, plus a control without sidedress N. The largest N losses by N-NH3 volatilization occurred when urea was applied at V10 or V12 growth stages, reaching losses of 35 and 41 % of the total applied N. Although climatic factors influences N-NH3 volatilization process, crop characteristics such as canopy development also seems to affect N-NH3 losses. Nitrogen application at V4 or V6 growth stages resulted in greater N-fertilizer recovery from urea sidedress, reaching values of 53 %. No increase in corn grain yield was observed with N application at different corn growth stages during the two growing seasons evaluated, most likely due to high N mineralization rates from the soil.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0001-3765 1678-2690 1678-2690
DOI:	10.1590/0001-3765201820170432