Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation, Extracorporeal Shockwaves and Radial Pressure Waves on Akt, BMP-2, ERK-2, FAK and TGF-β1 During Bone Healing in Rat Tibial Defects

An experimental study was conducted to determine whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) and radial pressure wave treatment (RPWT) modulate Akt, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK-2), focal...

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Published in:	Ultrasound in medicine & biology Vol. 45; no. 8; pp. 2140 - 2161
Main Authors:	Buarque de Gusmão, Carlos Vinícius, Batista, Nilza Alzira, Vidotto Lemes, Valeria Trombini, Maia Neto, Wilson Leite, de Faria, Lidia Dornelas, Alves, José Marcos, Belangero, William Dias
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Inc 01-08-2019
Subjects:	Animals Bone Bone morphogenetic protein Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism Disease Models, Animal ERK ESWT Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy - methods Focal adhesion kinase Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism Fracture High-Energy Shock Waves Immunoblotting LIPUS Male Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 - metabolism Osteogenesis Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism Radial pressure waves Rats Tibia - injuries Tibia - metabolism Transforming growth factor Transforming Growth Factor beta2 - metabolism Ultrasonic Therapy - methods Ultrasonic Waves Wound Healing - physiology LIPUS Radial pressure waves Bone morphogenetic protein Transforming growth factor Fracture Bone ESWT Focal adhesion kinase Osteogenesis ERK
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Summary:	An experimental study was conducted to determine whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) and radial pressure wave treatment (RPWT) modulate Akt, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK-2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) during bone healing in rat tibial defects. Rat tibial defects were exposed to 500 shots of ESWT delivered at 0.12 mJ/mm2, 500 impulses of RPWT operated at 2.0 bar or to daily 20-min 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS. Following 1, 3 and 6 wk, bones were harvested to determine the expression and activity of Akt, BMP-2, ERK-2, FAK and TGF-β1. Animals exposed to ultrasound were followed up to 3 wk. Protein expression and activity were unchanged following LIPUS treatment. ESWT increased Akt activity 2.11-fold (p = 0.043) and TGF-β1 expression 9.11-fold (p = 0.016) at 1 wk and increased FAK activity 2.16-fold (p = 0.047) at 3 wk. RPWT increased FAK activity 2.6-fold (p = 0.028) at 3 wk and decreased Akt expression 0.52-fold (p = 0.05) at 6 wk. In conclusion, the protocols employed for ESWT and RPWT modulated distinct signaling pathways during fracture healing, while LIPUS standard protocol did not change the usual signaling pathways of the proteins investigated. Future studies are required to monitor osteogenesis so that the biologic meaning of our results can be clarified.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0301-5629 1879-291X
DOI:	10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.011