Simulation of the impact of managed aquifer recharge on the groundwater system in Hanoi, Vietnam

A transient numerical groundwater flow model using MODFLOW-NWT was set up and calibrated for Hanoi city, Vietnam, to understand the local groundwater flow system and to suggest solutions for sustainable water resource management. Urban development in Hanoi has caused a severe decline of groundwater...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Hydrogeology journal Vol. 26; no. 7; pp. 2427 - 2442
Main Authors:	Glass, Jana, Via Rico, Daniela A., Stefan, Catalin, Nga, Tran Thi Viet
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-11-2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aquatic Pollution Aquifer management Aquifer recharge AQUIFERS Computer simulation COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION Cones Decision analysis Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences FILTRATION FLOW MODELS Flow system GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Geographical information systems Geology Geophysics/Geodesy GEOSCIENCES GROUND WATER Groundwater Groundwater depletion Groundwater flow Groundwater levels GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Groundwater resources Groundwater table Holocene Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Infiltration Information systems Injection INJECTION WELLS Land subsidence Mathematical models Modelling Overexploitation PUMPING Rainy season Relocation Remote sensing Resource depletion RESOURCE MANAGEMENT River banks Riverbanks Rivers Satellite navigation systems SEASONS Solutions URBAN AREAS Urban development Urbanization VIET NAM Waste Water Technology Water demand Water Management Water Pollution Control Water purification Water Quality/Water Pollution WATER REQUIREMENTS WATER RESOURCES Water resources management Water table WATER TABLES Wet season Hanoi Vietnam Vietnam Numerical modeling Groundwater management Vietnam Artificial recharge Site selection
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Summary:	A transient numerical groundwater flow model using MODFLOW-NWT was set up and calibrated for Hanoi city, Vietnam, to understand the local groundwater flow system and to suggest solutions for sustainable water resource management. Urban development in Hanoi has caused a severe decline of groundwater levels. The present study evaluates the actual situation and investigates the suitability of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to stop further depletion of groundwater resources. The results suggest that groundwater is being overexploited, as vast cones of depression exist in parts of the study area. Suitable locations to implement two MAR techniques—riverbank filtration and injection wells—were identified using multi-criteria decision analysis based on geographic information system (GIS). Three predictive scenarios were simulated. The relocation of pumping wells towards the Red River to induce riverbank filtration (first scenario) demonstrates that groundwater levels can be increased, especially in the depression cones. Groundwater levels can also be improved locally by the infiltration of surplus water into the upper aquifer (Holocene) via injection wells during the rainy season (second scenario), but this is not effective to raise the water table in the depression cones. Compared to the first scenario, the combination of riverbank filtration and injection wells (third scenario) shows a slightly raised overall water table. Groundwater flow modeling suggests that local overexploitation can be stopped by a smart relocation of wells from the main depression cones and the expansion of riverbank filtration. This could also avoid further land subsidence while the city’s water demand is met.
ISSN:	1431-2174 1435-0157
DOI:	10.1007/s10040-018-1779-1