An air quality emission inventory of offshore operations for the exploration and production of petroleum by the Mexican oil industry

An air quality screening study was performed to assess the impacts of emissions from the offshore operations of the oil and gas exploration and production by Mexican industry in the Campeche Sound, which includes the states of Tabasco and Campeche in southeast Mexico. The major goal of this study wa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 37; no. 26; pp. 3713 - 3729
Main Authors:	Villasenor, R, Magdaleno, M, Quintanar, A, Gallardo, J.C, López, M.T, Jurado, R, Miranda, A, Aguilar, M, Melgarejo, L.A, Palmerı́n, E, Vallejo, C.J, Barchet, W.R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2003 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Air quality Air quality modeling Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Coastal environments Computer simulation Crude oil Crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products Diagnostic systems Dispersion Emission analysis Emission factors Emission inventory Emittance Energy Exact sciences and technology Fuels Gulf of Mexico Internal combustion engines Marine Marine platforms Offshore drilling rigs Offshore engineering Other pollution sources in industry Pollutants Pollution Pollution caused by production, transportation and treatment of oil and oil shales. Water and soil pollution. Treatments. Pollution control Pollution sources. Measurement results Ships Storage tanks Tankers (waterborne) Gulf of Mexico Mexico ASW, Mexico Gulf Mexico, Campeche Mexico, Tabasco ASW, Mexico, Campeche Sound Emission inventory Emission factors Gulf of Mexico Marine platforms Air quality modeling Offshore production Pollutant behavior Emission content Meteorological field Air quality Offshore drilling platform Pollutant emission Modeling Transport process Offshore prospecting Oil industry Synoptic scale Environment impact Air pollution Atmospheric dispersion
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Summary:	An air quality screening study was performed to assess the impacts of emissions from the offshore operations of the oil and gas exploration and production by Mexican industry in the Campeche Sound, which includes the states of Tabasco and Campeche in southeast Mexico. The major goal of this study was the compilation of an emission inventory (EI) for elevated, boom and ground level flares, processes, internal combustion engines and fugitive emissions. This inventory is so far the most comprehensive emission register that has ever been developed for the Mexican petroleum industry in this area. The EI considered 174 offshore platforms, the compression station at Atasta, and the Maritime Ports at Dos Bocas and Cayo Arcas. The offshore facilities identified as potential emitters in the area were the following: (1) trans-shipment stations, (2) a maritime floating port terminal, (3) drilling platforms, (4) crude oil recovering platforms, (5) crude oil production platforms, (6) linking platforms, (7) water injection platforms, (8) pumping platforms, (9) shelter platforms, (10) telecommunication platforms, (11) crude oil measurement platforms, and (12) flaring platforms. Crude oil storage tanks, helicopters and marine ship tankers were also considered to have an EI accurate enough for air quality regulations and mesoscale modeling of atmospheric pollutants. Historical ambient data measure at two onshore petroleum facilities were analyzed to measure air quality impacts on nearby inhabited coastal areas, and a source–receptor relationship for flares at the Ixtoc marine complex was performed to investigate health-based standards for offshore workers. A preliminary air quality model simulation was performed to observe the transport and dispersion patterns of SO 2, which is the main pollutant emitted from the offshore platforms. The meteorological wind and temperature fields were generated with CALMET, a diagnostic meteorological model that used surface observations and upper air soundings from a 4-day field campaign conducted in February of 1999. The CALMET meteorological output and the generated EI drove the transport and dispersion model, CALPUFF. Model results were compared with SO 2 measurements taken from the monitoring network at Dos Bocas.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	1352-2310 1873-2844
DOI:	10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00445-X