The phonological short-term store-rehearsal system: Patterns of impairment and neural correlates

Two left brain-damaged patients (L.A. and T.O.) with a selective impairment of auditory–verbal span are reported. Patient L.A. was unable to hold auditory–verbal material in the phonological store component of short-term memory. His performance was however normal on tasks requiring phonological judg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Neuropsychologia Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 795 - 812
Main Authors:	Vallar b, Giuseppe, Di Betta c, Anna Maria, Silveri, Maria Caterina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-06-1997 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Auditory Perception - physiology Biological and medical sciences Brain - pathology Brain Damage, Chronic - pathology Brain Damage, Chronic - physiopathology Chi-Square Distribution Dominance, Cerebral - physiology Humans Learning Disorders - physiopathology Longitudinal Studies Male Medical sciences Memory Disorders - physiopathology Memory, Short-Term - physiology Mental Recall - physiology Models, Neurological Models, Psychological Neuropsychological Tests Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology Phonetics Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reading Reference Values Retention (Psychology) - physiology Serial Learning - physiology Speech Disorders - physiopathology Speech Perception - physiology Verbal Learning - physiology Visual Perception - physiology Short term Case study Human Verbal memory Memory disorder Cognitive disorder Memory Phonology Working memory Repetition
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Summary:	Two left brain-damaged patients (L.A. and T.O.) with a selective impairment of auditory–verbal span are reported. Patient L.A. was unable to hold auditory–verbal material in the phonological store component of short-term memory. His performance was however normal on tasks requiring phonological judgements, which specifically involve the phonological output buffer component of the rehearsal process. He also showed some evidence that rehearsal contributed to the immediate retention of auditory–verbal material. Patient T.O. never made use of the rehearsal process, in tasks assessing both immediate retention and the ability to make phonological judgements, but the memory capacity of the phonological short-term store was comparatively preserved. These contrasting patterns of impairment suggest that the phonological store component of verbal short-term memory was severely impaired in patient L.A., and spared, at least in part, in patient T.O. The rehearsal process was preserved in L.A., and primarily defective in T.O. The localisation of the lesions in the left hemisphere (L.A.: inferior parietal lobule, superior and middle temporal gyri; T.O.: sub-cortical premotor and rolandic regions, anterior insula) suggests that these two sub-components of phonological short-term memory have discrete anatomical correlates. ©Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights resrved.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0028-3932 1873-3514
DOI:	10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00127-3